Entrepreneurial Business and Economics Review
type: channel
description: Entrepreneurial Business and Economics Review' (EBER), as multi-disciplinary and multi-contextual journal, is dedicated to serving as a broad and unified platform for revealing and spreading economics and management research focused on entrepreneurship, individual entrepreneurs as well as particular entrepreneurial aspects of business. It attempts to link theory and practice in different sections of economics and management by publishing various types of articles, but mainly research papers. Our geographical scope of interests includes Central and Eastern Europe, however, we also welcome articles beyond this scope (the global marketplace and the global economy in general). This journal provides immediate open access to its content on the principle that making research freely available to the public supports a greater global exchange of knowledge. No article submission or article processing fees are charged if the article does NOT exceed 50 000 characters incl. spaces. SCOPUS Coverage List (content since 2013) ESCI Web of Science Core Collection (content since 2013) SCImago Journal Ranking SJR (since 2017) EconLit Coverage (since 2013) List of economics journals of CNU Section 05 - V3 - category C (France) (since November 2025)
publisher: Krakow University of Economics
language: en
publication name: Entrepreneurial Business and Economics Review
issn: 2353-8821
copyright: Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms: Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a CC BY-4.0 licence that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal. Authors are asked to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal. Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) only the final version of the article, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access). We advise using any of the following research society portals: ResearchGate SSRN Academia.edu Selected Works Academic Search
items: The determinants of economic integration among Ukrainian forced and economic migrants in Poland
items: Green buys more than gold: Pollution, pay, and attractiveness of small and medium-sized enterprise employer brand
items: The impact of internationalisation through export growth on debt financing in construction firms: Evidence from the Americas
items: How do Artificial Intelligence-facilitated enablers influence international entrepreneurship: Does the Trump 2.0 tariff policy matter?
items: Assessing the influence of digitalisation on systemic risk in the insurance sectors of European Union countries
items: Young consumers in cultural context: A cross-national study of Hofstede’s value dimensions
items: Entrepreneurial acquisitions and small-cap private equity overlaps: A resource-based view
items: Developing a cross-cultural competence model for cross-border e-commerce practitioners: Empirical validation and implications for entrepreneurial education
items: Generation Y entrepreneurial competitiveness: An empirical analysis of determining factors
items: Trade openness, regional economic growth, and crises in transition countries: The case of Ukraine
items: Is digitalization necessary for e-commerce adoption at small and medium-sized enterprises? The pandemic effects
items: Barriers and enablers: Review research on women entrepreneurship and its impact on sustainable tourism development
items: Lecturers’ pathways to integrating artificial intelligence in business and economics curricula
items: Entrepreneurial strategies for national large language models: A comparative study of Bielik and PLLuM in advancing Poland’s digital sovereignty
items: Organisational culture, business model design and performance: Does ambidexterity play a role?
items: The impact of digitalisation on employment and productivity in the financial sector:A comparative analysis of information and communication technology usage of Central European and Baltic businesses
items: Ownership structure, stakeholder pressure, and sustainability transparency: Insights from Indonesia
items: The impact of economic sentiment on European stock markets
items: Technological investments and green energy production in Central and Eastern Europe
items: Determinants of the perception of FinTech companies as environmentally friendly: European consumers’ perspective
items: Towards a cleaner environment: Determinants of willingness to pay for clean air and renewable energy in Poland
items: Beyond profit: A phenomenological exploration of Generation Z’s entrepreneurial motivations and the integration of financial and social value
items: Changes in enterprise potential in a circular economy: A comparative analysis of EU countries in 2013 and 2020
items: Development and validation of the Customer Engagement Orientation scale: Assessing firms’ customer engagement orientation and its impact on performance
items: Digital competence and digital entrepreneurial intention: A social cognitive approach
items: Exploring entrepreneurial capabilities and firm innovativeness to leverage financial technology start-up business performance
items: Personality alchemy: The influence of personality traits on the circular entrepreneurial intentions of higher education students
items: Exploring entrepreneurial phases with machine learning models: Evidence from Hungary
items: Bowing to the inevitable? Unravelling the mediation effects of culture on the relationship between resignation and corrupt behaviour
items: Long-run effects of fiscal policies on environmental pollution

The determinants of economic integration among Ukrainian forced and economic migrants in Poland
type: item
description: Objective: The article aims to analyse the key determinants of multiple dimensions of economic integration among Ukrainians in Poland, including employment status, job quality, skill matching, job satisfaction, and perceived financial situation, with a comparison between forced and economic migrants. Research Design & Methods: The study draws on a large cross-sectional CAWI survey of Ukrainians living in Poland (1 082 observations), conducted between March and April 2025. We designed the survey to enable comparisons of the economic performance of individuals across economic/forced migration status and urban/central/rural/remote areas. We constructed post-stratification weights to enhance representativeness and reliability of the study results according to voivodship, sex, and age based on the Polish PESEL register. The econometric analysis employed logit models. Findings: In line with the expectations, the study demonstrates that the Ukrainian forced migrants exhibit lower levels of integration than economic migrants. Employment is particularly constrained for women with young children, despite overall high participation rates. Social networks exert positive effects: Polish contacts enhance employment prospects and job-skill matching. Implications & Recommendations: The evidence underscores that women with young children face particular barriers to entering the labour market. Therefore, expanding access to preschools and maintaining child benefits are essential policy measures for fostering economic mobility and supporting refugee employment. Contribution & Value Added: This study provides new insights into the economic integration of Ukrainians in Poland, an increasingly important destination country within the EU. It contributes to the literature by comparing economic migrants and forced migrants from the same ethnic group within a single national context, while explicitly incorporating the urban-rural settlement dimension.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: immigrants
  topic: keywords
subject: refugees
  topic: keywords
subject: forced migrants
  topic: keywords
subject: Poland
  topic: keywords
subject: Ukrainians
  topic: keywords
subject: economic integration
  topic: keywords
subject: F22
  topic: subjects
subject: E24
  topic: subjects
subject: J15
  topic: subjects
subject: J61
  topic: subjects
creator: Jan Brzozowski
creator: Konrad Pędziwiatr
creator: Marcin Stonawski
creator: Michał Wanke
creator: Svitlana Luchik-Musiyezdova
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Jan Brzozowski, Konrad Pędziwiatr, Marcin Stonawski, Michał Wanke, Svitlana Luchik-Musiyezdova https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-23
publication date: 2026-03-23
starting page: 195
ending page: 210
doi: 10.15678/EBER.2026.140111

Green buys more than gold: Pollution, pay, and attractiveness of small and medium-sized enterprise employer brand
type: item
description: Objective: The objective is to examine how signals about the environmental pollution of a Small and Medium-sized Enterprise affect its perceived attractiveness as an employer, and whether higher pay can offset the negative effect of such signals. Research Design & Methods: To test our hypotheses, which required investigation of causal relationships, we used an experimental research design. The participants were Gen Z business students (N = 125). We operationalised employer attractiveness as the intention to recommend the firm as an employer. To analyse data, we used one-way ANOVA with Tukey HSD post-hoc tests after verifying normality and homogeneity of variance. Findings: As expected, pollution information significantly lowered the intention to recommend (ANOVA: F(3, 121) = 11.433, p < 0.001). All three ‘polluting’ conditions scored significantly below the non-polluting control. Even a +50% wage premium did not restore attractiveness to control levels, and pay differences among polluting conditions were not statistically significant. Implications & Recommendations: Environmental harm is a strong negative labour-market signal that compensation alone cannot neutralise. Managers should prioritise real, measurable pollution reductions in employer branding, align HR policies with sustainability and operations to avoid ‘mixed signals’, and account for a hidden ‘recruitment tax’ when environmental performance is poor. Contribution & Value Added: The study extends signalling theory and employer branding research by documenting the ‘dark side’ of environmental signals: negative environmental impact depresses employer attractiveness, and higher pay, even substantial premiums, cannot compensate for this impact. The article offers causal, experimental evidence that clarifies the magnitude of these effects among young job seekers’.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: environmental sustainability
  topic: keywords
subject: pollution
  topic: keywords
subject: employer attractiveness
  topic: keywords
subject: employer brand
  topic: keywords
subject: signalling theory
  topic: keywords
subject: quantitative research
  topic: keywords
subject: experimental research
  topic: keywords
subject: M30
  topic: subjects
subject: M52
  topic: subjects
subject: Q52
  topic: subjects
creator: Xia Chen
creator: Michal K. Lemanski
creator: Michał Staszków
creator: Casey Watters
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Xia Chen, Michal K. Lemanski, Michał Staszków, Casey Watters https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-12-28
publication date: 2025-12-28
starting page: 231
ending page: 246
doi: 10.15678/EBER.2025.130412

The impact of internationalisation through export growth on debt financing in construction firms: Evidence from the Americas
type: item
description: Objective: This study investigates the impact of internationalisation on the indebtedness of construction companies in the Americas. We measured internationalisation as the share of exports in total revenues, reflecting a firm’s engagement in cross-border sales. Research Design & Methods: The analysis utilised panel data from 132 construction firms across 13 American countries. We employed fixed and random effects models. Findings: International firms show distinct debt financing patterns, with firm size positively influencing debt levels, especially in long-term debt. Internationalisation moderates the impact of firm-specific factors on capital structure. For international firms, asset tangibility positively affects long-term debt, contrasting with domestic firms, where this relationship is negative. Country-specific factors have a stronger impact on the capital structure of international firms than on domestic firms. Implications & Recommendations: As both the country context and the degree of internationalisation influence financing decisions, firms pursuing international expansion must adapt their financing strategies accordingly. Contribution & Value Added: This research uniquely investigates how internationalisation moderates the relationship between firm- and country-specific factors and the indebtedness of construction companies in the Americas – a sector and regional context that previous studies largely overlooked.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: corporate finance
  topic: keywords
subject: construction companies
  topic: keywords
subject: financial leverage
  topic: keywords
subject: international companies
  topic: keywords
subject: financing decisions
  topic: keywords
subject: panel data analysis
  topic: keywords
subject: G32
  topic: subjects
subject: F23
  topic: subjects
subject: L74
  topic: subjects
subject: D22
  topic: subjects
creator: Justyna Bogołębska
creator: Magdalena Gostkowska-Drzewicka
creator: Julia Koralun-Bereźnicka
creator: Ewa Majerowska
creator: Anna Wojewnik-Filipkowska
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Justyna Bogołębska, Magdalena Gostkowska-Drzewicka, Julia Koralun-Bereźnicka, Ewa Majerowska, Anna Wojewnik-Filipkowska https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-23
publication date: 2026-03-23
starting page: 77
ending page: 90
doi: 10.15678/EBER.2026.140105

How do Artificial Intelligence-facilitated enablers influence international entrepreneurship: Does the Trump 2.0 tariff policy matter?
type: item
description: Objective: Applying the integrated framework of the entrepreneurial event model (EEM) and theory of planned behaviour (TPB), this study examined how Artificial Intelligence self-efficacy, competency, and knowledge shape perceived desirability and feasibility of international entrepreneurship, which in turn influence attitudes and intentions. It also tested how global mindset and tariff policy uncertainty moderate the attitude-intention link. Research Design & Methods: This study surveyed 336 Vietnamese international business students and applied linear and polynomial regression with response surface analysis to test core effects and interactions with contextual moderators. Findings: The results indicate that AI capabilities significantly enhance perceived desirability and feasibility, which in turn positively influence attitudes and entrepreneurial intentions. Polynomial regression revealed that congruence between desirability and feasibility strengthens entrepreneurial outcomes, whereas incongruence weakens them. Moreover, global mindset positively moderates, and tariff uncertainty negatively moderates, the attitude-intention relationship. Implications & Recommendations: The findings offer actionable insights for educators, policymakers, and aspiring entrepreneurs, highlighting the importance of cultivating AI literacy, a global perspective, and clarity in trade policy communication to foster entrepreneurial engagement. Contribution & Value Added: This study extends the EEM-TPB model by incorporating digital (AI-related) and political (policy uncertainty) dimensions into entrepreneurial cognition. It provides empirical evidence for how psychological and contextual mechanisms jointly shape international entrepreneurial intentions in emerging economies.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Trump 2.0
  topic: keywords
subject: artificial intelligence
  topic: keywords
subject: international entrepreneurship
  topic: keywords
subject: theory of planned behaviour
  topic: keywords
subject: entrepreneurial event model
  topic: keywords
subject: L26
  topic: subjects
subject: M13
  topic: subjects
creator: Duong Cong Doanh
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Duong Cong Doanh https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-23
publication date: 2026-03-23
starting page: 177
ending page: 194
doi: 10.15678/EBER.2026.140110

Assessing the influence of digitalisation on systemic risk in the insurance sectors of European Union countries
type: item
description: Objective: The article aims to study how much digitalisation influences the systemic risk (SR) in the insurance sector of European Union (EU) countries. Research Design & Methods: In this research, we introduce an innovative, quantitative method for exploring the impact of digitalisation and assessing the similarities and interconnections among all European Union countries’ insurance sectors from 2004 to 2018 within the framework of Industry 4.0. The study integrates statistical and econometric tools with network modelling techniques, focusing on the topological indicators of minimum spanning trees (MST) derived from multidimensional dynamic time warping (DTW) distances. We analysed two datasets. The first one comprises exclusively data describing insurance sectors, while the second incorporates data detailing both insurance sectors and the digitalisation processes of individual EU countries. We assessed the similarity of the sectors’ dynamics over the analysed period, examining network behaviour during subprime crises, periods of excessive public debt, and immigration-related crises in Europe. Findings: The proposed tools made it possible to determine how digitalisation contributes to the increase in systemic risk in the EU insurance sector over the periods examined and effectively measure similarity levels, and outline indirect connections between insurance sectors. Implications & Recommendations: Because similarity can be a potential indirect channel for systemic risk contagion, countries with comparable insurance sectors and shared digitalisation-related behaviours may undergo similar repercussions during global financial downturns. Research endeavours in the insurance sector must consider digitalisation indicators that encompass technological advancements and consumer behaviour. Contribution & Value Added: We developed a new method to examine the similarity of the insurance sectors of the European Union countries and to assess the dynamics of changes in this si…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: digitalisation
  topic: keywords
subject: dynamic time warping
  topic: keywords
subject: minimum spanning trees
  topic: keywords
subject: systemic risk
  topic: keywords
subject: insurance sector
  topic: keywords
subject: G22
  topic: subjects
subject: C38
  topic: subjects
subject: C32
  topic: subjects
creator: Anna Denkowska
creator: Stanisław Wanat
creator: Joao Paulo Vieito
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Anna Denkowska, Stanisław Wanat, Joao Paulo Vieito https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-12-28
publication date: 2025-12-28
starting page: 49
ending page: 69
doi: 10.15678/EBER.2025.130403

Young consumers in cultural context: A cross-national study of Hofstede’s value dimensions
type: item
description: Objective: The study aims to evaluate the internal validity of a scale measuring cultural traits in relation to Hofstede’s framework and to identify the individual cultural characteristics of young people across three countries: Poland, South Korea, and the United States. Research Design & Methods: We conducted the research using the computer-assisted web interview (CAWI) method. Young participants from three culturally diverse nations received a web-based questionnaire, designed in accordance with Hofstede’s model and enriched with elements from other cultural measurement studies. Findings: The results confirmed that one can measure Hofstede’s dimensions as distinct, multidimensional constructs, with MA and IVR demonstrating strong cross-cultural validity. However, the weaker performance of IDV and UAI highlights semantic and contextual differences across societies, underlining the need for cultural adaptation of tools. The study also revealed that young cohorts often deviate from national cultural averages, reflecting their faster adoption of global trends, technology, and new media. Implications & Recommendations: Theoretically, the study supports Hofstede’s framework while pointing to the need for flexible, culturally inclusive, and dynamically validated scales. Practically, it demonstrates that youth-specific and locally tested strategies are essential in international marketing and management. Future research should extend cross-cultural validation to more countries, refine weaker items, and explore hybrid etic-emic models. Contribution & Value Added: The article contributes to cultural research by empirically testing Hofstede’s framework at the individual level, addressing generational differences, and offering methodological insights into the cross-cultural validation of measurement tools. It also provides practical recommendations for tailoring strategies to younger consumer segments across markets.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: national culture
  topic: keywords
subject: Hofstede’s dimensions
  topic: keywords
subject: cultural traits
  topic: keywords
subject: young consumers
  topic: keywords
subject: cross-cultural validation
  topic: keywords
subject: CFA
  topic: keywords
subject: Poland
  topic: keywords
subject: South Korea
  topic: keywords
subject: the United States of America
  topic: keywords
subject: M31
  topic: subjects
subject: M16
  topic: subjects
subject: Z13
  topic: subjects
subject: C38
  topic: subjects
creator: Małgorzata Bartosik-Purgat
creator: Wiktoria Rakowska
creator: Tomasz Grzegorczyk
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Małgorzata Bartosik-Purgat, Wiktoria Rakowska, Tomasz Grzegorczyk https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-23
publication date: 2026-03-23
starting page: 155
ending page: 175
doi: 10.15678/EBER.2026.140109

Entrepreneurial acquisitions and small-cap private equity overlaps: A resource-based view
type: item
description: Objective: This study examines the competitive and collaborative dynamics between entrepreneurship through acquisition (ETA) and small- and micro-cap private equity (PE) in acquiring small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Focusing on the DACH region (Germany, Austria, Switzerland), it explores how both actors overlap in target firm size, compete in deals, and identify opportunities for co-investment – an area that has received limited academic attention. Research Design & Methods: To address this gap, we used an inductive mixed-methods approach rooted in entrepreneurship theory and the resource-based view (RBV). We drew on interviews with twelve PE firms in the DACH region, complemented by eight expert interviews, to develop a theoretical model grounded in both practice and strategic intent. Findings: The study revealed an intensifying level of competition between ETA entrepreneurs and PE firms for smaller businesses, which are frequently central to PE buy-and-build strategies. Despite this competition, there is evidence of collaboration between the two parties. Private equity firms show a willingness to co-invest with ETA entrepreneurs, provided that they retain majority ownership and that the entrepreneurs bring relevant, task-related human capital to the table. Implications & Recommendations: These findings have practical implications for aspiring ETA entrepreneurs, suggesting the importance of strategic career planning and the development of industry-specific expertise to align with PE firms’ partnership expectations. Additionally, the research encourages future studies to explore which types of SMEs are particularly attractive to both ETA entrepreneurs and PE firms. Contribution & Value Added: This study contributes to entrepreneurship theory by offering a nuanced perspective on the relationship between ETA and PE in SME acquisitions. It presents a novel theoretical model capturing both competitive and collaborative dynamics, while also enriching the empiri…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: entrepreneurship through acquisition
  topic: keywords
subject: management buy-ins
  topic: keywords
subject: search funds
  topic: keywords
subject: business succession
  topic: keywords
subject: private equity
  topic: keywords
subject: G24
  topic: subjects
subject: L26
  topic: subjects
subject: M13
  topic: subjects
creator: Alexander Pöschl
creator: Jörg Freiling
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Alexander Pöschl, Jörg Freiling https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-23
publication date: 2026-03-23
starting page: 113
ending page: 131
doi: 10.15678/EBER.2026.140107

Developing a cross-cultural competence model for cross-border e-commerce practitioners: Empirical validation and implications for entrepreneurial education
type: item
description: Objective: This study proposes a cross-cultural competence (CCC) model for Chinese college students in the cross-border e-commerce (CBEC) sector, aiming to identify key dimensions and support talent development in digital global trade. Research Design & Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional questionnaire survey among 592 CBEC students from 10 universities in China. We applied a two-step structural equation modelling (SEM) approach to identify and validate key dimensions and test interrelationships. We performed the analysis using SPSS Statistics 26 and AMOS 24, ensuring statistical rigour. Findings: The results support a validated second-order model of cross-cultural competence in CBEC, comprising five core dimensions: English Skills, Workplace Aptitude, Cultural Knowledge, Cultural Sensitivity, and CBEC Expertise. Among them, CBEC Expertise and Cultural Knowledge demonstrated the strongest contributions. The model showed a strong positive effect on CBEC performance and achieved good overall fit, confirming both its structural soundness and practical relevance. Implications & Recommendations: This study provides practical implications for entrepreneurial education, offering a validated framework to guide the development of cross-cultural competence among CBEC practitioners, thereby enhancing their ability to operate effectively in global markets. Contribution & Value Added: This study advances the theoretical understanding of cross-cultural competence in CBEC by empirically validating a multi-dimensional, second-order model, integrating factor structures and their relative influences, which scholars have not systematically examined in this context before.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: entrepreneurial education
  topic: keywords
subject: structural equation modelling
  topic: keywords
subject: social media marketing
  topic: keywords
subject: cross-cultural communication
  topic: keywords
subject: intercultural competence
  topic: keywords
subject: global mindset
  topic: keywords
subject: I25
  topic: subjects
subject: L81
  topic: subjects
creator: Ziyun Song
creator: Sheerad Sahid
creator: Iszan Hana Kaharudin
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Ziyun Song, Sheerad Sahid, Iszan Hana Kaharudin https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-23
publication date: 2026-03-23
starting page: 61
ending page: 76
doi: 10.15678/EBER.2026.140104

Generation Y entrepreneurial competitiveness: An empirical analysis of determining factors
type: item
description: Objective: The research aimed to identify the determining factors that influence Generation Y entrepreneurial competitiveness. The study was motivated by this Generation’s significant impact on the global economy, as they comprise a quarter of the global population, and the fact that they grew up in a period of technological advancement. Research Design & Methods: We used a quantitative survey research design to empirically collect primary data from Gen Y entrepreneurs, using a sample size of 384 respondents. The model had six independent variables, i.e., personal traits, entrepreneurial self-efficacy, networking skills, digital capabilities, fear of failure, and growth mindset. The mediating variable was entrepreneurial orientation, while the dependent variable was entrepreneurial competitiveness. We evaluated the model using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), and we tested the hypotheses using structural equation modelling (SEM). Findings: We found that entrepreneurial self-efficacy, digital capabilities, networking skills, and growth mindset significantly enhance Gen Y competitiveness, while personal traits showed no significant effect. Fear of failure had an unexpected positive impact. Entrepreneurial orientation did not mediate these relationships. Innovation and adaptability were key drivers, but digital transformation emerged as the strongest predictor of Gen Y entrepreneurial success in competitive markets. Implications & Recommendations: The study recommended Gen Y entrepreneurs and policymakers entrepreneurial training and education to enhance their entrepreneurial capabilities; networking strategies and skills, which are vital in nurturing a diverse workforce; and digital transformation for small businesses as a strategy to achieve entrepreneurial competitiveness. Contribution & Value Added: Our research advances entrepreneurial research by identifying key drivers of Gen Y competitiveness: digital capabilities, self-efficacy, and networking, while challe…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: generation Y
  topic: keywords
subject: entrepreneurial competitiveness
  topic: keywords
subject: entrepreneurial orientation
  topic: keywords
subject: entrepreneurial self-efficacy
  topic: keywords
subject: digital capabilities
  topic: keywords
subject: J24
  topic: subjects
subject: L26
  topic: subjects
subject: M13
  topic: subjects
creator: Bilal Khalid
creator: Singha Chaveesuk
creator: Wornchanok Chaiyasoonthorn
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Bilal Khalid, Singha Chaveesuk, Wornchanok Chaiyasoonthorn https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-12-28
publication date: 2025-12-28
starting page: 147
ending page: 163
doi: 10.15678/EBER.2025.130408

Trade openness, regional economic growth, and crises in transition countries: The case of Ukraine
type: item
description: Objective: The article aims to explore the impact of trade openness on the economic development of Ukrainian regions in different conditions, with a particular focus on the global financial crisis (2007-2009) and the ‘hybrid’ stage of the war (2014-2021). Research Design & Methods: We analysed the influence of trade openness on economic development, considering exchange rate fluctuation and foreign direct investment (FDI). Based on 21 input variables, we created the composite index of economic development using principal component analysis. To verify the hypothesis about the impact of determinants on economic development, we employed this index as a dependent variable in autoregressive dynamic panel models with error correction terms. We used trade openness, exchange rate, and foreign investment as explanatory factors. The article presents the examination of the effects of the mentioned variables across several regional categories, including coastal vs. non-coastal regions, regions with different levels of urbanisation and trade openness, and regions affected by military occupation. Findings: The findings reveal that trade openness has a significant positive impact on regional development, with its highest influence in the pre-war period. Economic growth of coastal regions is more sensitive to trade openness and FDI, compared to non-coastal regions. Moreover, regions with a higher level of trade openness experience stronger positive effects of FDI. We identified the increased impact of trade openness and FDI on the economic development of coastal regions during the 2007-2009 crisis. On the other hand, their influence decreases in non-coastal regions, compared to pre-crisis years. Furthermore, FDI has a positive effect on economic performance, particularly in non-occupied regions. Implications & Recommendations: The article’s results are important to better understand the interaction between trade openness and the economic development of Ukrainian regions, especially…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: trade openness
  topic: keywords
subject: regional development
  topic: keywords
subject: crisis
  topic: keywords
subject: war
  topic: keywords
subject: Ukraine
  topic: keywords
subject: F14
  topic: subjects
subject: G01
  topic: subjects
subject: R11
  topic: subjects
creator: Elena Horská
creator: Serhiy Moroz
creator: Jozef Palkovič
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Elena Horská, Serhiy Moroz, Jozef Palkovič https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-23
publication date: 2026-03-23
starting page: 133
ending page: 153
doi: 10.15678/EBER.2026.140108

Is digitalization necessary for e-commerce adoption at small and medium-sized enterprises? The pandemic effects
type: item
description: Objective: The study aimed to conduct a comparative analysis of e-commerce adoption in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) of Pakistan and Bangladesh in the period following the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aims to observe in detail the significance of e-commerce adoption for small and medium sized enterprises, their abilities to evolve consumer preferences and to dissect the challenges that hinder in the way of e-commerce adoption in Bangladesh and Pakistan. The key focus of this study was to find out how digitisation acts as a moderator to overcome challenges. Research Design & Methods: We based the study on a quantitative design using a structured questionnaire to collect data from 500 SMEs with 250 respondents from each country, Bangladesh and Pakistan. We collected the study sample through a stratified random sampling from key industrial cities in both countries. We analysed the data of the study with SmartPLS version 4.0 to explore the relationship between external factors, need-bead factors, organisational factors, technological factors and e-commerce adoption with digitisation as a moderator. Findings: This study has also examined that market related demands and the access to the technology has significant positive impact on digitisation in both countries. However, company’s resources and cultural factors that are related to the organisational factors have negative impact on digitisation in Bangladesh and Pakistan. The multi-group analysis composed to find the distinguishing factors among two countries, found the impact of all the factors on digitisation. Implications & Recommendations: We observed a crucial role of digitisation in different fields to adopt e-Commerce in SMEs of Pakistan and Bangladesh. This study has been conducted in the time of COVID-19 pandemic, suggests that it should be the top priority of the policymakers to focus more on digitisation to enrich the country’s economic and digital infrastructure. The partnership programs can help…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: pandemic
  topic: keywords
subject: e-Commerce
  topic: keywords
subject: digitisation
  topic: keywords
subject: Pakistan
  topic: keywords
subject: Bangladesh
  topic: keywords
subject: L81
  topic: subjects
subject: M13
  topic: subjects
creator: Muhammad Usman Khan
creator: Samia Nassar
creator: Mohammad Fakhrul Islam
creator: Md Billal Hossain
creator: Laszlo Vasa
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Muhammad Usman Khan, Samia Nassar, Mohammad Fakhrul Islam, Md Billal Hossain, Laszlo Vasa https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-12-28
publication date: 2025-12-28
starting page: 209
ending page: 230
doi: 10.15678/EBER.2025.130411

Barriers and enablers: Review research on women entrepreneurship and its impact on sustainable tourism development
type: item
description: Objective: People often glorify the tourism industry as a gateway for entrepreneurial opportunities, particularly for women. However, its structural inequalities remain largely unaddressed. While women play a significant role in tourism entrepreneurship, systemic barriers constrain their participation, including limited access to capital, restrictive social norms, and gendered labour segmentation. Existing research primarily frames empowerment in financial terms, neglecting broader socio-cultural and structural constraints. Feminist critiques of tourism entrepreneurship remain marginal, creating gaps in academic inquiry, and policy interventions. Research Design & Methods: We conducted an integrative literature review, systematically examining research on gender, tourism, and entrepreneurship through a dual analytic approach incorporating inductive and deductive coding (Donthu et al., 2021). Using the PRISMA framework, we synthesised high-impact literature to identify thematic patterns, research gaps, and structural constraints affecting women entrepreneurs in tourism. Findings: Findings reveal persistent gender disparities, particularly in financial accessibility, decision-making power, and policy design. The thematic analysis highlights key dimensions such as gender inclusivity, sustainable tourism, and feminist entrepreneurship, advocating for an intersectional approach that incorporates gender-sensitive frameworks into tourism research (Cobo et al., 2015). Implications & Recommendations: Policy recommendations emerging from this study include targeted funding mechanisms, comprehensive training and mentorship programs, and regulatory reforms designed to support women-led enterprises in sustainable tourism. By integrating feminist perspectives into tourism entrepreneurship discourse, this research advances theoretical understanding while offering actionable recommendations for policymakers. Addressing gendered barriers in tourism entrepreneurship is critical for a…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: women’s entrepreneurship
  topic: keywords
subject: gender and tourism
  topic: keywords
subject: sustainable tourism
  topic: keywords
subject: gender inclusivity
  topic: keywords
subject: sustainable development goals (SDGs)
  topic: keywords
subject: economic empowerment
  topic: keywords
subject: J16
  topic: subjects
subject: L83
  topic: subjects
subject: M14
  topic: subjects
subject: O13
  topic: subjects
subject: Q01
  topic: subjects
subject: Q56
  topic: subjects
creator: Jaya Singh Parihar
creator: Dariusz Cichon
creator: Aeshna Kharbanda
creator: Dariusz Sala
creator: Gagan Deep Sharma
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Jaya Singh Parihar, Dariusz Cichon, Aeshna Kharbanda, Dariusz Sala, Gagan Deep Sharma https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-12-28
publication date: 2025-12-28
starting page: 185
ending page: 208
doi: 10.15678/EBER.2025.130410

Lecturers’ pathways to integrating artificial intelligence in business and economics curricula
type: item
description: Objective: This article aims to identify the factors affecting business and economics lecturers’ inclusion of artificial intelligence (AI) in the curricula. Research Design & Methods: We applied a quantitative approach to test a research model based on the theory of planned behaviour. We used partial least squares structural equation modelling to verify hypotheses using a sample of 133 university lecturers from business and economics. Findings: The study reveals that key background factors, including prior AI education and prior AI use, indirectly contribute to the inclusion of AI in the curricula. AI education contributed by enhancing lecturers’ cognitive attitudes and self-efficacy and AI use only contributed through self-efficacy. Contrary to expectations, previous instances of AI integration in teaching have had an insignificant influence on the inclusion of AI into the curriculum. Implications & Recommendations: The inclusion of AI in business and economics university teaching is a precondition for equipping graduates with skills expected in the job market. Based on the findings of this study, two paths seem to be particularly helpful in achieving this objective: improving lecturers’ attitudes via AI education and improving their self-efficacy through personal AI use. Contribution & Value Added: The contribution of this study consists of identifying the factors that influence lecturers’ intentions to incorporate AI into their curricula. Shedding light on these determinants can guide higher education policies and support the development of strategies to promote the effective incorporation of AI into current teaching programmes.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: artificial intelligence
  topic: keywords
subject: higher education
  topic: keywords
subject: curriculum
  topic: keywords
subject: theory of planned behaviour
  topic: keywords
subject: business education
  topic: keywords
subject: A20
  topic: subjects
subject: I23
  topic: subjects
subject: M53
  topic: subjects
creator: Witold Nowiński
creator: Mohamed Yacine Haddoud
creator: Julien Issa
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Witold Nowiński, Mohamed Yacine Haddoud, Julien Issa https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-12-28
publication date: 2025-12-28
starting page: 131
ending page: 146
doi: 10.15678/EBER.2025.130407

Entrepreneurial strategies for national large language models: A comparative study of Bielik and PLLuM in advancing Poland’s digital sovereignty
type: item
description: Objective: In the framework of digital sovereignty, the article aims to investigate and assess the entrepreneurial models supporting the evolution of Poland’s two national large language models (LLM), i.e., Bielik (community-driven Polish LLM) and PLLuM (Polish Large Universal Model, a consortium-based initiative). Research Design & Methods: Using a qualitative research methodology, this work focuses on two national LLMs in a case study. Contextual data were obtained through in-depth, semi-structured interviews, document analysis, and scenario-based model testing. These data were subsequently thematically analysed with the support of NVivo systematic coding software. Findings: The results show that both institutional and agile approaches to entrepreneurship are necessary for national digital sovereignty to be ensured. A comparative analysisproves the agility ofcommunity-driven LLMs differ from institutional models with great scale found in PLLUM. Through government-supported development, grassroots innovation, and flexible deployment features Bielik contrast PLLum’s strategic scalability. By means of localised artificial intelligence innovation, both models show different but complementary approaches to forward Poland’s digital sovereignty. By means of localised artificial intelligence innovation, both models show different but complementary approaches to advancing Poland’s digital sovereignty. Implications & Recommendations: Poland’s technological resilience and capacity for innovation at once benefit from complementary models such as Bielik and PLLuM. Policymakers should support pluralistic innovation ecosystems to guarantee strong, flexible and sovereign artificial intelligence (AI) development matched with changing national needs including digital security and technological independence. Artificial intelligence’s innovation is based on strategic public, commercial, and academic sector cooperation. Contribution & Value Added: Examining modern and changing phenome…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: local large language models
  topic: keywords
subject: entrepreneurial ecosystems
  topic: keywords
subject: digital sovereignty
  topic: keywords
subject: AI in Poland
  topic: keywords
subject: public-private innovations models
  topic: keywords
subject: O33
  topic: subjects
subject: L26
  topic: subjects
subject: H83
  topic: subjects
creator: Łukasz Sułkowski
creator: Roksana Ulatowska
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Łukasz Sułkowski, Roksana Ulatowska https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-12-28
publication date: 2025-12-28
starting page: 165
ending page: 184
doi: 10.15678/EBER.2025.130409

Organisational culture, business model design and performance: Does ambidexterity play a role?
type: item
description: Objective: The article aims to explore the relationships between cultural and innovation ambidexterity and novel business model design (NBMD) and trace their influence on business performance in the context of transition economies. Research Design & Methods: We adopted a cross-sectional survey design using data collected in 2019 from 175 managers and owners of Albanian firms across nine knowledge-intensive sectors. We employed structured questionnaires with validated multi-item Likert scales to measure constructs like ambidexterity, NBMD, and performance, followed by rigorous validity and reliability checks (CFA). The analysis used covariance-based structural equation modelling (SEM) with bootstrapping to test hypothesised relationships and assess indirect effects. Findings: Our study demonstrates that new business model design can capture the value created by organisational culture and innovation ambidexterity. More specifically, we found a chain relationship between ambidextrous organisational culture, innovation ambidexterity, novel business models, and business performance. These results support the view that, as a dynamic capability, ambidexterity affects performance indirectly through NBMD, while the performance outcomes of cultural ambidexterity are mediated by factors such as innovation ambidexterity and NBMD. Implications & Recommendations: We identified NBMD as a design theme aligned with contextual ambidexterity that can capture the value-creation potential of this form of innovation ambidexterity. Managers should consider adopting an NBMD when pursuing innovation ambidexterity, while government and development agencies should consider providing grants to start-ups experimenting with novel business models. Contribution & Value Added: This study represents one of the few attempts to investigate the relationships between organisational culture, capabilities and business models, contributing to the literature that focuses on identifying business models that …
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: innovation
  topic: keywords
subject: ambidexterity
  topic: keywords
subject: business model design
  topic: keywords
subject: organisational culture
  topic: keywords
subject: business performance
  topic: keywords
subject: transition economies
  topic: keywords
subject: O30
  topic: subjects
subject: O31
  topic: subjects
subject: M11
  topic: subjects
subject: M14
  topic: subjects
subject: L25
  topic: subjects
creator: Blendi Gerdoçi
creator: Marco Cucculelli
creator: Daniela Lena
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Blendi Gerdoçi, Marco Cucculelli, Daniela Lena https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-23
publication date: 2026-03-23
starting page: 91
ending page: 111
doi: 10.15678/EBER.2026.140106

The impact of digitalisation on employment and productivity in the financial sector:A comparative analysis of information and communication technology usage of Central European and Baltic businesses
type: item
description: Objective: The article aims to examine the impact of digitisation on employment and productivity in the financial sector and provide a comparative analysis between the Central European and the Baltic countries as no study has yet compared these two regions in terms of digitalisation and information and communication technology (ICT) usage despite similar economic backgrounds. Research Design & Methods: To address this, we applied a two-pronged approach that combines a literature review with an empirical analysis of secondary data. We used multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) to estimate the simultaneous total effect of ICT use on employment and productivity and ordinary least squares (OLS) regression to examine the specific relationships identified by MANOVA. Findings: Central European countries generally exhibit higher levels of employment and productivity than their Baltic counterparts, highlighting regional differences in economic conditions and labour market dynamics. ICT has a major impact on productivity but is also associated with declining employment levels, which raises concerns about potential job displacement. Investments in the financial sector have a positive effect on employment, which highlights its crucial role in supporting employment growth. Implications & Recommendations: By implementing best practices and encouraging a culture of ongoing learning and innovation, the digital transformation of Central Europe and the Baltic countries can become smooth and successful. Regional comparative analysis further provides valuable contextual insights, highlighting the need for tailored policy interventions. Contribution & Value Added: The analysis shows that investments do not have a significant direct effect on productivity. Capital investment does not guarantee an increase in output, just emphasises the need for a strategic investment approach.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: digitalisation
  topic: keywords
subject: ICT
  topic: keywords
subject: employment
  topic: keywords
subject: productivity
  topic: keywords
subject: finance
  topic: keywords
subject: O32
  topic: subjects
subject: M15
  topic: subjects
subject: G10
  topic: subjects
creator: Arnold Tóth
creator: Ramin Astanli
creator: Erika Varga
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Arnold Tóth, Ramin Astanli, Erika Varga https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-09-30
publication date: 2025-09-30
starting page: 135
ending page: 149
doi: 10.15678/EBER.2025.130307

Ownership structure, stakeholder pressure, and sustainability transparency: Insights from Indonesia
type: item
description: Objective: We investigated the effect of ownership structure, specifically foreign and institutional ownership, on the transparency of sustainability reporting. We also examined how stakeholder pressure, particularly from environmental and customer perspectives, moderates this association, either strengthening or weakening its effects. Research Design & Methods: We employed a quantitative approach using a purposive sampling method, resulting in 672 firm-year observations from non-financial companies listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange during the 2020-2023 period. We measured the transparency of sustainability reports using transparency scores from the CSRHub database. We categorised stakeholder pressure into two types: environmental pressure and customer pressure, based on industry classification. We also conducted moderated regression analysis to empirically test the research model. Findings: The results indicate that we may positively associate higher levels of foreign and institutional ownership with greater transparency in sustainability reports. Stakeholder pressure moderates the impact of foreign ownership on transparency, with environmental pressure reinforcing this relationship, whereas customer pressure weakens it. Moreover, environmental and customer pressures do not significantly moderate the institutional ownership-transparency relationship. Implications & Recommendations: The findings have significant implications for regulators and prospective investors. They highlight the need for stronger regulatory enforcement and targeted stakeholder engagement to improve environmental, social, and governance (ESG) transparency, particularly in customer-facing and environmentally sensitive sectors in emerging markets. Contribution & Value Added: This study contributes to the growing body of literature on sustainability reporting transparency by offering empirical evidence from an emerging market context. Using evidence from Indonesia, it offers insights into th…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: ownership structure
  topic: keywords
subject: sustainability reporting
  topic: keywords
subject: transparency
  topic: keywords
subject: stakeholder pressure
  topic: keywords
subject: emerging market
  topic: keywords
subject: G14
  topic: subjects
subject: G32
  topic: subjects
subject: M41
  topic: subjects
creator: Rizky Eriandani
creator: Wahyu Agus Winarno
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Rizky Eriandani, Wahyu Agus Winarno https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-23
publication date: 2026-03-23
starting page: 43
ending page: 60
doi: 10.15678/EBER.2026.140103

The impact of economic sentiment on European stock markets
type: item
description: Objective: This article aims to analyse the impact of sentiment indicators reflecting the condition of major economies on the returns and volatility of European developed, emerging, and frontier stock markets. Research Design & Methods: We employed survey-based economic sentiment indicators, classified into forward-looking measures reflecting economic expectations and measures of current economic sentiment. We used survey-based economic sentiment indicators, namely the ZEW Economic Sentiment Index for Germany, the ZEW Economic Sentiment Index for the Eurozone, the ZEW Current Condition Index for the Eurozone and the Michigan Consumer Sentiment Index from the US. We modelled the daily stock returns for 27 markets over the period 2008-2022 using a GJR-GARCH model and a time-varying transition probability Markov switching model (TVPMS), where transition probabilities depend on lagged economic sentiment indicators. Findings: The results from the GJR-GARCH model show that economic sentiment generally affects returns and their volatility. We observed the causal relationship between sentiment and returns for different types of markets. These results confirm that sentiment indicators in major economies have a global impact, affecting not only developed markets but also emerging and frontier markets. In addition to the GJR-GARCH methodology, the use of the TVPMS approach confirms the results and provides new insights. We found two market states: high and low volatility, and documented the impact of sentiment on market returns as a function of these states. The Michigan consumer sentiment index had the most substantial and persistent effect on European markets, with significant effects on volatility in both high- and low-volatility states; the ZEW economic sentiment indices affect volatility in high-volatility states, while the ZEW current situation index has a significant effect on volatility only in low-volatility states. Implications & Recommendations: These findings provi…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: stock markets
  topic: keywords
subject: TVPMS model
  topic: keywords
subject: AR(1)-GJR-Garch(1,1)
  topic: keywords
subject: ZEW
  topic: keywords
subject: MCSI
  topic: keywords
subject: G15
  topic: subjects
subject: G17
  topic: subjects
creator: Anna Czapkiewicz
creator: Agnieszka Choczyńska
creator: Artur Machno
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Anna Czapkiewicz, Agnieszka Choczyńska, Artur Machno https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-12-28
publication date: 2025-12-28
starting page: 107
ending page: 130
doi: 10.15678/EBER.2025.130406

Technological investments and green energy production in Central and Eastern Europe
type: item
description: Objective: The article aims to examine the impact of technological investments on the development of wind energy and photovoltaics in Central and Eastern European countries (CEE) belonging to the EU. Research Design & Methods: In the analysis of the impact of expenditure on technical investments, I used panel threshold analysis and bootstrap simulation tests. I built the models based on the basis of annual data on the renewable energy market from 2013-2023 from the ‘Our World in Data’ databases and Eurostat. Findings: Research and development (R&D) expenditure stimulates the production of electricity from wind turbines to a greater extent than from PV panels. The strongest stimulation of electricity production simultaneously by a wind turbine and PV panels will occur when R&D expenditure ranges from 0.96% to 1.39% of GDP. If these expenses are in the range of 0.78% to 0.96% of GDP, solar energy will be stimulated the most, while if R&D expenditures are in the range of 1.39% to 1.61%, wind energy will be stimulated the most by these expenses. A simultaneous weakening of the development of wind and solar energy will occur when R&D expenditure is below 0.78% of GDP. Exceeding subsequent R&D expenditure thresholds weakens the effects of increasing energy production from renewable energy sources, which is caused by the intensification of the impact of various barriers inhibiting the development of renewable energy sources. Implications & Recommendations: The obtained results may be helpful for decision-makers responsible for shaping energy policy in individual countries of Central and Eastern Europe. Stimulation of the renewable energy sector through R&D expenditure is limited due to the existing barriers to the development of renewable energy sources specific to various countries. Fully exploiting the potential of renewable energy requires a gradual overcoming of these limitations. Energy policy aimed at eliminating barriers to the development of renewable energy should…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: renewable energy sources
  topic: keywords
subject: wind energy
  topic: keywords
subject: photovoltaics
  topic: keywords
subject: panel threshold analysis
  topic: keywords
subject: Central and Eastern Europe (CEE)
  topic: keywords
subject: Q42
  topic: subjects
subject: Q55
  topic: subjects
subject: C38
  topic: subjects
creator: Marcin Salamaga
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Marcin Salamaga https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-09-30
publication date: 2025-09-30
starting page: 187
ending page: 200
doi: 10.15678/EBER.2025.130310

Determinants of the perception of FinTech companies as environmentally friendly: European consumers’ perspective
type: item
description: Objective: The aim is to identify the determinants of the perception of FinTech companies as environmentally friendly institutions. Research Design & Methods: The empirical base used in the work comprises data obtained in a survey conducted using computer-assisted web interviews of 2 000 respondents from the United Kingdom, Germany, Poland, and Ukraine. We used the ordinary logit models in the data analysis. Findings: We identified the perceived benefits of using artificial intelligence (AI) technology in the financial sector and personal values and beliefs regarding sustainable development as the key factors determining whether FinTech companies are perceived as environmentally friendly institutions. Moreover, we found that education and financial knowledge are significant determinants. Implications & Recommendations: For FinTech companies to be perceived as environmentally friendly, decision-makers must take actions supporting environmental sustainability and implement an appropriate communication policy. Building a green institutional image is supported by educating consumers about finance, promoting ecological responsibility, and encouraging more frequent use of financial applications. It is also important to highlight environmental initiatives while avoiding greenwashing, as individuals engaged in environmental protection are particularly sensitive to manipulation in this area. The findings of the study can also serve to increase the effectiveness of communication between FinTech companies and market participants in the area of environmental protection. Considering the importance of the variable related to the AI use in finance, the messaging should emphasise the positive environmental impact of digital technologies employed by FinTech companies. Contribution & Value Added: The study significantly contributes to the development of green FinTech research, as it is the first to address how FinTech companies come to be regarded as environmentally friendly. Identif…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: green FinTech
  topic: keywords
subject: digital financial services
  topic: keywords
subject: sustainable development goals (SDGs)
  topic: keywords
subject: artificial intelligence in finance
  topic: keywords
subject: value-belief-norm (VBN) theory
  topic: keywords
subject: G23
  topic: subjects
subject: O44
  topic: subjects
subject: Q55
  topic: subjects
creator: Dariusz Piotrowski
creator: Anna Piotrowska
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Dariusz Piotrowski, Anna Iwona Piotrowska https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-09-30
publication date: 2025-09-30
starting page: 171
ending page: 186
doi: 10.15678/EBER.2025.130309

Towards a cleaner environment: Determinants of willingness to pay for clean air and renewable energy in Poland
type: item
description: Objective: The article aims to compare the willingness to pay for energy from renewable sources with the willingness to pay for clean air in Poland and to establish factors that influence these phenomena. These topics are usually addressed in separate studies, making a credible comparison difficult. Research Design & Methods: We survey a representative group of single-family residents and apply advanced machine learning techniques based on Bayesian model selection (averaging) to construct a credible list of factors that determine willingness to pay for clean energy. Findings: We find that people are willing to pay more for clean air than for energy from renewable sources. Both aspects of willingness to pay are affected by the size of the electricity bills, the importance of the environment and the knowledge about renewable energy supplies. Willingness to pay for energy from renewable sources is also influenced by educational level and awareness of the need to increase the share of renewable energy in the domestic energy mix. Furthermore, we find that young people are more willing to pay for energy from renewable sources, whereas older people are more likely to pay for clean air. Implications & Recommendations: Arguably, a higher willingness to pay requires, first and foremost, greater environmental awareness and the promotion of its benefits among the population at large. Since willingness to pay studies are based on respondents’ declarations, their actual willingness to bear the costs of energy transition may be lower. A variety of initiatives should be taken to foster closer bonds between people and their environment to make them feel more responsible for the shared objective. Contribution & Value Added: The study bridges a significant gap by examining the willingness to pay for renewable energy and clean air in the same sample of respondents. We focus on single-family home residents. Using quantitative methods, we identify factors that are common to willingness t…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: willingness to pay
  topic: keywords
subject: clean air
  topic: keywords
subject: air pollution
  topic: keywords
subject: renewable energy sources
  topic: keywords
subject: Bayesian model selection
  topic: keywords
subject: D10
  topic: subjects
subject: Q53
  topic: subjects
subject: Q49
  topic: subjects
creator: Michał Król
creator: Kamil Makieła
creator: Łukasz Mamica
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Michał Król, Kamil Makieła, Łukasz Mamica https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-09-30
publication date: 2025-09-30
starting page: 201
ending page: 214
doi: 10.15678/EBER.2025.130311

Beyond profit: A phenomenological exploration of Generation Z’s entrepreneurial motivations and the integration of financial and social value
type: item
description: Objective: This study examines how Generation Z conceptualises profit and how these perceptions shape their entrepreneurial motivations and strategies. Traditional economic theories define profit as financial gain. However, Generation Z entrepreneurs integrate social impact, innovation, and personal fulfilment into their business models. Existing literature largely focuses on generational comparisons without deeply exploring how this cohort reconciles financial and non-financial objectives. Research Design & Methods: Using a phenomenological approach, we conducted in-depth interviews to capture their lived experiences. The interpretivist paradigm enables a nuanced understanding of profit as both a motivational driver and a business goal. Findings: The results revealed that profit for Generation Z is not merely materialistic but is intertwined with meaning, value creation, and social impact. Respondents expressed that profit must align with personal satisfaction, authenticity, and the desire to contribute positively to society. This indicates a shift from traditional economic views to a more holistic and value-driven understanding of entrepreneurial success. Implications & Recommendations: The results indicate that entrepreneurial education, policy, and support programs must adapt to these changing perceptions by fostering business models that combine economic engines with social value creation. Identity, creativity, and meaning construction are important factors governing the entrepreneurial imagination of younger cohorts, and stakeholders need to appreciate this. Contribution & Value Added: The present research is novel in its theoretical approach by integrating McClelland’s achievement motivation theory with shared value theory and sustainable innovation theory to expand on entrepreneurial motivation theories by examining how Generation Z constructs profit as a multidimensional concept involving financial, psychological, and social facets. It also attempts to exte…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Generation Z
  topic: keywords
subject: entrepreneurship
  topic: keywords
subject: intangible benefits
  topic: keywords
subject: profit perception
  topic: keywords
subject: phenomenology
  topic: keywords
subject: G4
  topic: subjects
subject: M21
  topic: subjects
creator: Irwan Adimas Ganda Saputra
creator: Siti Sri Wulandari
creator: Dewie Tri Wijayati Wardoyo
creator: Yoyok Soeatyo
creator: Agung Listiadi
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Irwan Adimas Ganda Saputra, Siti Sri Wulandari, Dewie Tri Wijayati Wardoyo, Yoyok Soeatyo, Agung Listiadi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-23
publication date: 2026-03-23
starting page: 29
ending page: 41
doi: 10.15678/EBER.2026.140102

Changes in enterprise potential in a circular economy: A comparative analysis of EU countries in 2013 and 2020
type: item
description: Objective: The article aims to identify and assess the spatial disparity of entrepreneurship and its links to the circular economy (CE) at the EU country level and to identify the practical implications of these phenomena for economic and regional policies that support sustainable development. Research Design & Methods: We employed literature analysis and statistical analysis. We used the TOPSIS method to create synthetic measures. We collected the empirical data by the spatial distribution of EU countries (including Eastern Bloc countries). The results of the analysis were presented in 2013 and 2020 (this is linked to the two programming periods of EU funds). It allowed for capturing the dynamic aspects of the studied phenomena and controlling the phenomenon of deviations related to the cyclical changes occurring in the economy. Findings: Entrepreneurship is an important element of economic growth that impacts the social sphere, improves the quality of life, and creates new jobs. The interaction between entrepreneurship and the circular economy is multidimensional, highlighting the importance of both entrepreneurship and the circular economy. The research shows a positive change in both areas, both in terms of entrepreneurship, compared to earlier years. Depending on the country, the situation regarding entrepreneurship and the circular economy varied. Malta, the Czech Republic, and the Netherlands were in a better situation in the entrepreneurship aspect, while Italy, Spain, and Greece were in a weaker situation. In the case of the circular economy, countries with better performance included the Netherlands, Slovenia, and Italy, while Denmark, Portugal, and Greece were worse off. Poland experienced growth in the area of entrepreneurship, while the situation remained more stable in the area of the closed economy, which affected the country’s position in the international ranking. Implications & Recommendations: The obtained measures depend on the number and type of…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Entrepreneurship
  topic: keywords
subject: development potential
  topic: keywords
subject: circular economy
  topic: keywords
subject: multidimensional approach
  topic: keywords
subject: synthetic measure
  topic: keywords
subject: CRITIC-TOPSIS method
  topic: keywords
subject: E60
  topic: subjects
subject: F63
  topic: subjects
subject: L26
  topic: subjects
subject: L31
  topic: subjects
subject: Q01
  topic: subjects
creator: Paweł Dziekański
creator: Łukasz Popławski
creator: Martin Straka
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Paweł Dziekański, Łukasz Popławski, Martin Straka https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-06-30
publication date: 2025-06-30
starting page: 155
ending page: 169
doi: 10.15678/EBER.2025.130209

Development and validation of the Customer Engagement Orientation scale: Assessing firms’ customer engagement orientation and its impact on performance
type: item
description: Objective: The article aims to develop and validate a new scale – Customer Engagement Orientation (CENOR) – to measure a firm’s customer engagement orientation and to provide evidence of its impact on firm performance. Although customer engagement marketing has received growing scholarly attention, the concept of a firm’s customer engagement orientation – particularly in capturing value from non-transactional customer behaviour – remains underexplored. Its precise definition, measurement, and firm-level effects are still unclear. Research Design & Methods: We followed Churchill’s procedure (1979) to create and validate the CENOR scale and analyse its impact on firm performance. Firstly, we proposed the scale items based on insights gathered from the literature review and qualitative research of six company managers. Subsequently, the scale underwent assessment and validation through a quantitative study of 100 firms in the household appliances industry and 101 firms in the financial services industry. Finally, we tested nomological validity through a separate quantitative study of 201 firms in the food, beverage, and fashion industries, using structural equation modelling to examine the relationships between the firm’s CENOR and overall performance. Findings: We developed and validated a comprehensive measurement tool for assessing the customer engagement orientation of marketing managers. Our findings demonstrate that the CENOR scale is reliable and valid across three distinct samples of companies operating in a developed economy of Poland. It remains invariant across consumer goods and services industries. Our findings support the external validity of the CENOR as a predictor of initiatives aimed at developing customer engagement behaviour. Furthermore, we confirmed a firm’s customer engagement orientation as a critical factor in driving business performance. Implications & Recommendations: The prepared measurement tool provides a robust basis for future investiga…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: firm’s customer engagement orientation
  topic: keywords
subject: customer engagement marketing
  topic: keywords
subject: business performance
  topic: keywords
subject: SEM modelling
  topic: keywords
subject: consumer goods and service industries
  topic: keywords
subject: M31
  topic: subjects
subject: L21
  topic: subjects
subject: C38
  topic: subjects
creator: Katarzyna Żyminkowska
creator: Izabela Kowalik
creator: Agnieszka Pleśniak
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Katarzyna Żyminkowska, Izabela Kowalik, Agnieszka Pleśniak https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-09-30
publication date: 2025-09-30
starting page: 31
ending page: 53
doi: 10.15678/EBER.2025.130302

Digital competence and digital entrepreneurial intention: A social cognitive approach
type: item
description: Objective: This article aims to investigate how digital competence moderates the relationship between entrepreneurial education and digital entrepreneurship intention among university students within the framework of social cognitive career theory. Research Design & Methods: We employed a quantitative approach, utilising a structured questionnaire to collect data from 327 university students over two months. We analysed the data gathered from a diverse sample of students across different academic years using partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) to test the proposed hypotheses and examine the moderating effect of digital competence on the relationships between entrepreneurial education, self-efficacy, outcome expectations, and digital entrepreneurship intention. Findings: Digital competence has a dual moderating effect on digital entrepreneurship intention. It positively moderates the relationship between outcome expectations and entrepreneurial intention, enhancing students’ confidence in achieving entrepreneurial success. However, it negatively moderates the link between self-efficacy and intention, suggesting that high digital competence may reduce reliance on educationally developed self-efficacy. These findings underscore the nuanced role of digital competence in shaping entrepreneurial intention, challenging the conventional assumption that higher competence unilaterally strengthens entrepreneurial drive. Implications & Recommendations: The study’s limitations include a relatively small sample size and a focus on the role of entrepreneurial education without exploring the mediating effects of cognitive structures like self-efficacy and outcome expectations. Future research should consider larger samples and examine other contextual factors, such as cultural and environmental influences on digital entrepreneurship intention. Educational programs should integrate real-world experiences, adapt content to students’ digital competence, and f…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: digital competence
  topic: keywords
subject: digital entrepreneurship intention
  topic: keywords
subject: entrepreneurial education
  topic: keywords
subject: self-efficacy
  topic: keywords
subject: outcome expectation
  topic: keywords
subject: L26
  topic: subjects
subject: M13
  topic: subjects
creator: Bao Quoc Lam
creator: Hao Yen Tran
creator: Kiet Anh Nguyen
creator: Kiet Tuan Nguyen
creator: Minh Pham
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Bao Quoc Lam, Hao Yen Tran, Kiet Anh Nguyen, Kiet Tuan Nguyen, Minh Pham https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-06-30
publication date: 2025-06-30
starting page: 139
ending page: 153
doi: 10.15678/EBER.2025.130208

Exploring entrepreneurial capabilities and firm innovativeness to leverage financial technology start-up business performance
type: item
description: Objective: This article examines the role of entrepreneurial capabilities and firm innovativeness in driving the business performance of financial technology (fintech) start-ups. By cultivating entrepreneurial orientation, innovation capacity, and knowledge creation, firms can enhance their competitive edge, adapt to market shifts, and achieve sustainable performance. Research Design & Methods: We conducted a quantitative study using a self-administered questionnaire and partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) to test our hypotheses. The sample included the management teams of 144 Indonesian fintech start-ups, each in operation for at least three years. Findings: Our analysis reveals that both entrepreneurial capabilities and firm innovativeness significantly and positively impact the business performance of fintech start-ups. Furthermore, firm innovativeness mediates the relationship between entrepreneurial capabilities and business performance. Specifically, entrepreneurial capabilities and firm innovativeness collectively explain 58.3% of the variance in business performance, while entrepreneurial capabilities account for 48% of the variation in firm innovativeness. Implications & Recommendations: This study demonstrates that firms with robust entrepreneurial capabilities are better equipped to identify and seize opportunities, leading to higher innovation and, consequently, stronger business performance. These findings suggest that fintech firms can enhance performance through increased market share, greater profitability from new products, and more efficient operations. We recommend that managers and entrepreneurs in the fintech sector use these insights to make informed decisions regarding resource allocation, strategic planning, and organisational design. Policymakers can also leverage these insights to develop programs that promote entrepreneurial capabilities and innovation, foster economic growth and boost competitiveness within the s…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: entrepreneurial capability
  topic: keywords
subject: firm innovativeness
  topic: keywords
subject: business performance
  topic: keywords
subject: financial technology
  topic: keywords
subject: start-up companies
  topic: keywords
subject: L25
  topic: subjects
subject: M15
  topic: subjects
subject: O32
  topic: subjects
creator: Anna Sardiana
creator: Sudaporn Sawmong
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Anna Sardiana, Sudaporn Sawmong https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-12-28
publication date: 2025-12-28
starting page: 71
ending page: 88
doi: 10.15678/EBER.2025.130404

Personality alchemy: The influence of personality traits on the circular entrepreneurial intentions of higher education students
type: item
description: Objective: The study explores the influence of Portuguese higher education students’ personality traits on their intentions to become circular entrepreneurs using their perceived circular behavioural control as a mediator. We considered internal locus control, proactive personality, perceived creativity and propensity to take risks as personality traits. Research Design & Methods: We used an online questionnaire to collect data from 510 Portuguese university students. We performed the quantitative analysis through the partial least square method. Findings: We found that the propensity to assume risk, creativity, internal locus of control, and proactivity were (by these order) personality traits with a positive influence on either respondents’ circular behavioural control and, using this, their circular entrepreneurs’ intention. Implications & Recommendations: The results of this study allowed us to infer implications for higher education students, universities, and policymakers. Students demonstrated intentions to promote circular entrepreneurial activities, and these intentions can be worked on and learned at universities by encouraging creativity, innovation, and proactivity and inciting greater levels of confidence in students. These skills allow you to accelerate the implementation of circularity in new businesses. To achieve this, greater coordination with the business community is essential by proposing challenges and problems that universities can help resolve. Political decision-makers must formulate circular entrepreneurship policies and include them in the national development plan, encouraging the formulation of new sustainable businesses. Contribution & Value Added: This study highlights the relationship between personality traits and the intention to become a circular entrepreneur, providing novel evidence in this field. Moreover, it introduces perceived circular behavioural control as a mediator between personality traits and entrepreneurial intentions…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: circular entrepreneurship
  topic: keywords
subject: circular entrepreneurial intention
  topic: keywords
subject: personality traits
  topic: keywords
subject: perceived circular behavioural control
  topic: keywords
subject: higher education students
  topic: keywords
subject: L26
  topic: subjects
subject: Q56
  topic: subjects
creator: Sofia Gomes
creator: Micaela Pinho
creator: João M. Lopes
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Sofia Gomes, Micaela Pinho, João M. Lopes https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-06-30
publication date: 2025-06-30
starting page: 63
ending page: 81
doi: 10.15678/EBER.2025.130204

Exploring entrepreneurial phases with machine learning models: Evidence from Hungary
type: item
description: Objective: The article aims to explore the potential differences between the two phases of entrepreneurship, i.e., total early-stage entrepreneurial activity and established business, as defined by the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM). The study aimed to classify entrepreneurs using various machine learning models and to evaluate their classification performance comparatively. Research Design & Methods: Using the Hungarian GEM datasets from 2021 to 2023, we analysed a subsample of 964 entrepreneurs. Due to inconsistent results from traditional analyses (e.g., correlations, regressions, principal component analyses), we employed machine learning approaches (supervised learning classification methods) to uncover latent relationships between variables. Findings: The study utilized seven machine learning classification methods to examine the feasibility of grouping companies within the sample using Hungarian GEM data. Findings indicate that machine learning techniques are particularly effective for classifying businesses, although the performance of each method varies significantly. Implications & Recommendations: These results provide valuable insights for researchers in selecting methodologies to identify various business phases. Moreover, they offer practical benefits for market research professionals, suggesting that machine learning techniques can enhance the classification and understanding of entrepreneurial phases. Contribution & Value Added: The study adds to the existing body of knowledge by demonstrating the effectiveness of machine learning methods in classifying business phases. It highlights the variability in performance across different machine learning techniques, thereby guiding future research and practical applications in market research and entrepreneurship studies.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: entrepreneurship
  topic: keywords
subject: responsibility
  topic: keywords
subject: Global Entrepreneurship Monitor
  topic: keywords
subject: GEM
  topic: keywords
subject: machine learning
  topic: keywords
subject: L26
  topic: subjects
subject: C38
  topic: subjects
creator: Áron Szennay
creator: Judit Csákné Filep
creator: Melinda Krankovits
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Áron Szennay, Judit Csákné Filep, Melinda Krankovits https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-06-30
publication date: 2025-06-30
starting page: 101
ending page: 122
doi: 10.15678/EBER.2025.130206

Bowing to the inevitable? Unravelling the mediation effects of culture on the relationship between resignation and corrupt behaviour
type: item
description: Objective: This study aims to examine how cultural dimensions mediate the relationship between accepting corruption and engaging in corrupt behaviours. The study examines how cultural traits affect the normalisation of corruption in organisations and societies. Research Design & Methods: The study uses a quantitative approach, sampling with a structured online questionnaire completed by 4222 valid respondents in Hungary. The survey integrates vignettes to measure acceptance and willingness regarding corrupt practices, alongside the CVSCALE to assess six cultural dimensions. The study applies Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA), Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), Structural Equation Modelling (SEM), and Sobel tests. Findings: We found that cultural factors such as long-term orientation, motivation for success, power distance, and indulgence significantly influence the willingness to engage in corrupt behaviour. However, collectivism and uncertainty avoidance have little effect. The acceptance-willingness relationship is mediated by cultural factors like success motivation and power distance, which shape corrupt practices. Implications & Recommendations: The study recommends targeted interventions to combat corruption, including reforming cultural norms that prioritise immediate gratification, tolerate hierarchical inequalities, or associate success with unethical practices. Collectivism and uncertainty avoidance interventions may have little effect, so resources should be allocated to predictive dimensions. Contribution & Value Added: This study uncovers how cultural factors influence corruption-related behaviours, filling gaps in the literature on resignation, cultural traits, and corrupt practices. It shows policymakers how to develop culturally nuanced anti-corruption strategies using structural and value-based reforms.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: corruption
  topic: keywords
subject: cultural dimensions
  topic: keywords
subject: mediation analysis
  topic: keywords
subject: structural equation modelling
  topic: keywords
subject: D73
  topic: subjects
subject: Z13
  topic: subjects
subject: M14
  topic: subjects
creator: Richard Kasa
creator: Gabor Rethi
creator: Csaba Kerekgyarto
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Richard Kasa, Gabor Rethi, Csaba Kerekgyarto https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-23
publication date: 2026-03-23
starting page: 7
ending page: 28
doi: 10.15678/EBER.2026.140101

Long-run effects of fiscal policies on environmental pollution
type: item
description: Objective: This study aims to investigate the long-run effects of fiscal policy instruments, including environmental taxes, environmental protection expenditures and renewable energy incentives on environmental pollution, measured as ecological footprint, in a sample of European Union countries and Turkey using annual data for the period 1996-2018. Research Design & Methods: The conventional literature generally suggests that fiscal policy instruments can affect environmental pollution in the long run. To examine whether fiscal policy instruments will be effective on pollution in the long run, we employed both fully modified ordinary least squares (FMOLS) and dynamic ordinary least squares (DOLS) methods. Findings: The estimation results showed that renewable energy incentives are the most effective policy instrument to mitigate pollution. We also found that environmental taxes have negative and statistically significant effects on pollution. However, the relationship between environmental protection expenditures and pollution is not robust and changes with respect to the estimation method. Implications & Recommendations: The findings of this study indicate that fiscal policy instruments can reduce environmental pollution. In this vein, renewable energy incentives and environmental tax tools appear to be the most effective fiscal policy instruments. Therefore, policymakers can use fiscal policy instruments to deal with environmental pollution problems. Contribution & Value Added: Given the limited research on the combined effects of fiscal policy instruments, we aimed to contribute to the literature by employing FMOLS and DOLS estimation procedures. These methods allowed us to examine the long-run relationship between fiscal policy instruments and the ecological footprint. To examine the long-run relationship between fiscal policy instruments and ecological footprint, we prefer to employ FMOLS and DOLS methods which consider potential autocorrelation and some degree…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: environmental pollution
  topic: keywords
subject: fiscal policies
  topic: keywords
subject: environmental protection expenditures
  topic: keywords
subject: environmental taxes
  topic: keywords
subject: renewable energy resources
  topic: keywords
subject: E62
  topic: subjects
subject: H23
  topic: subjects
subject: Q28
  topic: subjects
creator: Derya Tabiloğlu
creator: Temel Gürdal
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Derya Tabiloğlu, Temel Gürdal https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-09-30
publication date: 2025-09-30
starting page: 97
ending page: 113
doi: 10.15678/EBER.2025.130305