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Vol. 10 No. 4 (2022)
December 2022

Articles - Entrepreneurship

Entrepreneurial self-efficacy among first-year undergraduates: Gender, creative self-efficacy, leadership self-efficacy, and field of study

https://doi.org/10.15678/EBER.2022.100405

Published 2022-12-30

Paula Alvarez-Huerta
Mondragon Unibertsitatea

Alexander Muela
University of the Basque Country

Inaki Larrea
Mondragon Unibertsitatea

Abstract

Objective: To contribute to a better understanding of the factors that influence university students’ confidence in their ability to engage in entrepreneurial behaviours.

Research Design & Methods: Participants were 1741 first-year students (792 women, 949 men) from two Spanish universities (Mage = 18.76, SD = 1.82). They were enrolled in degree programmes in two broad fields: engineering and architecture, and social sciences and law. Using a quantitative cross-sectional design, we obtained measures of creative self-efficacy, leadership self-efficacy, and entrepreneurial self-efficacy.

Findings: Results showed that both leadership self-efficacy and creative self-efficacy predicted entrepreneurial self-efficacy, although creative self-efficacy was the variable that contributed most to the expected change in entrepreneurial self-efficacy. There were also differences in entrepreneurial self-efficacy according to gender and field of study, with students enrolled in a technical field and men in general scoring higher. Mediation-moderation analysis showed that creative self-efficacy mediated the relationship between gender and entrepreneurial self-efficacy, and also that the field of study buffered the effect of gender on entrepreneurial self-efficacy.

Implications & Recommendations: The results of this study showed that entrepreneurial self-efficacy is predicted by creative self-efficacy and leadership self-efficacy, and hence both these variables should be addressed by training initiatives aimed at promoting entrepreneurship among undergraduates, particularly among young women. Moreover, our results highlighted the importance of taking into consideration individuals’ educational backgrounds when analysing students’ entrepreneurial self-efficacy.

Contribution & Value Added: This research contributes to the literature on entrepreneurship by identifying factors that influence the entrepreneurial self-efficacy of university students. The findings highlight the importance of considering creative self-efficacy when analysing students’ entrepreneurial development. Furthermore, we show that creative self-efficacy has a mediating effect on the association between gender and entrepreneurial self-efficacy, and also that this relationship is moderated by students’ fields of study. Overall, these results suggest that reinforcing the creative self-efficacy of women could help to close the gender gap in entrepreneurial self-efficacy. It might also be useful to design specific training initiatives for undergraduates enrolled in social sciences, the aim of which would be to foster an entrepreneurial culture and encourage them to recognize their potential role as entrepreneurs.

       

Keywords

gender; entrepreneurship; self-efficacy; leadership; creativity

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Author Biography

Paula Alvarez-Huerta

Researcher at Mondragon University. Her Ph.D. dealt with higher education students' perceptions towards innovation. Her research interests include the topics of entrepreneurial education and the construction of the university student social identity.

Alexander Muela

Professor at the  University of the Basque Country. His areas of research interest include social entrepreneurship, entrepreneurial education, and organizational psychology.

Inaki Larrea

Professor at Mondragon University. He has lead different research projects related to educational quality and its impact on various educational stages. He is currently involved in a major research project aimed at the analysis of the personal and professional profiles of university students.

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