Skip to main navigation menu Skip to main content Skip to site footer

Changes in the Market of Two and Three-wheeled Motor Vehicles in Europe at the Beginning of the 21st Century

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15678/EBER.2018.060110

Abstract

Objective: In recent years, the number of motorcycles in many countries has changed significantly. A particularly diverse situation has taken place in Europe. This diversification has been influenced by both economic and institutional conditions. The study aims to identify the main trends on the Powered Two or Three-Wheelers (PTW) market in the world. The study analyses the distribution of PTW in the world and tracks the changes in the PTW market in particular European countries between 2001 and 2014.

Research Design & Methods: The article is based on the statistical data from the Eurostat and The ACEM. The analysis of the PTW market changes in Europe is based on graphical presentations and simple statistical methods. Due to the availability of data, the analysis refers to chosen European countries (UE+EFTA in 2014). As a result of the lack of availability of comparable data in the article, the data were presented according to the latest available summaries.

Findings: In most countries, the PTW market has been affected by the financial crisis which has influenced the rise of motorcycles in the countries such as Greece and Spain, while the UK has suffered a decline. Economic factors have also been influenced by the factors such as legislative changes, the ageing of population, and the processes of urbanisation and increasing professional activity in developing countries.

Implications & Recommendations: It is necessary to analyse changes in the market of PTW by size of a city, traffic intensity and the level of development of public transport.

Contribution & Value Added: The study complements the topic of PTWs’ role in the transportation across Europe (with East Europe) and the changes which have taken place in this vehicle market since the beginning of the 21st century. Additionally, this is a holistic approach combining technical, economic and sociological issues.

Keywords

Europe, market, motorcycles, PTW

PDF Figures in Corel Draw

References

  1. Albalate, D., & Fernández-Villadangos, L. (2010). Motorcycle injury severity in Barcelona: the role of vehicle type and congestion. Traffic Injury Prevention, 11(6), 623-631. https://doi.org/10.1080/15389588.2010.506932
  2. Ballart, X., & Riba, C. (1995). Impact of legislation requiring moped and motorbike riders to wear helmets. Evaluation and Program Planning, 18(4), 311-320. https://doi.org/10.1016/0149–7189(95)00032-1
  3. Banister, D. (2011). Cities, mobility and climate change. Journal of Transport Geography, 19(6), 1538-1546. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2011.03.009
  4. Borowiec, J. (2016). Wzrost gospodarczy a zmiany w spójności gospodarczej i społecznej w krajach Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej. Prace Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu, 416, 26-35. https://doi.org/10.15611/pn.2016.416.03
  5. Broughton, P.S., Fuller, R., Stradling, S., Gormley, M., Kinnear, N., Odolan, C., & Hannigan, B. (2009). Conditions for speeding behaviour: a comparison of car drivers and powered two wheeled riders. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 12(5), 417-427. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trf.2009.07.001
  6. Buchmann, M.C., & Kriesi, I. (2011). Transition to Adulthood in Europe. Annual Review of Sociology, 37, 481-503. https://doi.org/ 10.1146/annurev-soc-081309-150212
  7. Chiou, Y.C., Wen, C.H., Tsai, S.H., & Wang, W.Y. (2009). Integrated modelling of car/motorcycle ownership, type and usage for estimating energy consumption and emissions. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 43(7), 665-684.
  8. Clark, S. (2007). Estimating local car ownership models. Journal of Transport Geography, 15(3), 184-197. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2006.02.014
  9. Clark, S. (2009). Charactering and predicting car ownership using rough sets. Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies, 17(4), 381-393. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trc.2009.01.006
  10. Constantin, D.L., Goschin, Z., & Danciu, A.R. (2011). The Romanian Economy from Transition to Crisis. Retrospects and Prospects. World Journal of Social Sciences, 1(3), 155-171.
  11. Dargay, J., & Gately, D. (1999). Incomes effect on car and vehicle ownership, worldwide: 1960-2015. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 33(2), 101-138.
  12. De Jong, G., Fox, J., Pieters, M., Daly, A.J., & Smit, R. (2004). Comparison of car ownership models. Transport Reviews, 24(4), 379-408. https://doi.org/10.1080/0144164032000138733
  13. De Jong, G.C., & Van de Riet, O. (2008). The driving factors of passenger transport. European Journal of Transport and Infrastructure Research, 8(3), 227-250. https://doi.org/10.1080/0144164032 000138733
  14. Dorosz, A. (2016). Majątek polskich gospodarstw domowych na tle innych krajów Europy Centralnej i Wschodniej. Zeszyty Naukowe Uczelni Vistula, 50(5), 73-99.
  15. Ellawaya, A., Macintyrea, S., Hiscockb, R., & Kearnsc, A. (2003). In the driving seat: psychosocial benefits from private motor vehicle transport compared to public transport. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 6(3), 217-231. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1369-8478(03)00027-5
  16. Guzik, R. (2016). Transport publiczny a dostępność na obszarach wiejskich Szwajcarii. Prace Komisji Geografii Komunikacji PTG, 19(4), 49-61. 10.4467/2543859XPKG.16.022.6320
  17. Haworth, N. (2012). Powered two wheelers in a changing world: challenges and opportunities. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 44(1), 12-18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2010.10.031
  18. Hess, D.B., & Ong, P.M. (2002). Traditional neighbourhoods and automobile ownership. Journal of the Transportation Research Board, 1805, 35-44. https://doi.org/10.3141/1805-05
  19. Hindls, R., Hronová, S., & Čabla, A. (2011). Conjunctural Evolution of the Czech Economy. Statistika: Statistics and Economy Journal, 48(3), 4-17.
  20. Hunya, G. (2002) Restructuring through FDI in Romanian manufacturing. Economic Systems, 26(4), 387-394. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0939-3625(02)00063-8.
  21. Karathodorou, N., Graham, D.J., & Noland, R.B. (2010). Estimating the effect of Urban density on fuel demand. Energy Economics, 32(1), 86-92.
  22. Karthaus, M., & Falkenstein, M. (2016). Functional Changes and Driving Performance in Older Drivers: Assessment and Interventions. Geriatrics, 1(12), 18. https://doi.org/10.3390/geriatrics1020012
  23. Khan, A., & Willumsen, L. (1986). Modelling car ownership and use in developing countries. Traffic Engineering and Control, 2(11), 554-560.
  24. Komór, A., & Godlewska-Majkowska, H. (2013). Uwarunkowania konkurencyjności przedsiębiorstw sektora motoryzacyjnego w Polsce i w Europie. Prace Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu, 307, 142-151.
  25. Kopp, P. (2011). The unpredicted rise of motorcycles: a cost benefit analysis. Transport Policy, 18(4), 613-622. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tranpol.2011.03.002
  26. Lai, W.T., Lu, J.L., & Chiang Y.S. (2006). The study of multi-vehicle household mix demand model on auto-motorcycle ownership and use in Taiwan area. Transport Planning Journal, 35(3), 309-336.
  27. Lam, W., & Tam, M. (2002) Reliability of territory-wide car ownership estimates in Hong Kong. Journal of Transport Geography, 10(1), 51-60.
  28. Law, T.H., Hamid, H., & Goh, C.N. (2015). The motorcycle to passenger car ownership ratio and economic growth: a cross-country analysis. Journal of Transport Geography, 46, 122-128. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2015.06.007
  29. Marquet, O., & Miralles-Guasch, C. (2016). City of Motorcycles. On how objective and subjective factors are behind the rise of two-wheeled mobility in Barcelona. Transport Policy, 52, 37-45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tranpol.2016.07.002
  30. Mashayekh, Y., Jaramillo, P., Samaras, C., Hendrickson, Ch., Blackhurst, M., MacLean, H., & Mat-thews, S. (2012). Potentials for Sustainable Transportation in Cities to Alleviate Climate Change Impacts. Environmental Science and Technology, 46, 2529-2537.
  31. Meyer, K. (2004). Perspectives on multinational enterprises in emerging economies. Journal of International Business Studies, 35(4), 259-276.
  32. Molnár, E. (2012). Kelet-Közép-Európa az autóipar nemzetközi munkamegosztásában. Tér és Társadalom, 26(1), 123-138. https://doi.org/10.17649/TET.26.1.2044
  33. Muslim, M.T., Selamat, H., Alimin, A.J., Rohi, N., & Hushim, M.F. (2014). A review on retrofit fuel injection technology for small carburetted motorcycle engines towards lower fuel consumption and cleaner exhaust emission. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 35, 279-284. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2014.04.037
  34. Muzira, S., Chesheva, E., Banjo, G., & Marquez, P. (2009). Confronting ‘Death on Wheels’ - Making Roads Safe in Europe and Central Asia. World Bank Report no. 51667-ECA, Washington D.C.
  35. Ng, W.S., Schipper, L., & Chen, Y. (2010). China motorization trends: new directions for crowded cities. Journal of Transport and Land Use, 3(3), 5-25. https://doi.org/10.5198/jtlu.v3i3.151
  36. Nishitateno, S., & Burke, P.J. (2014). The motorcycle Kuznets curie. Journal of Transport Geogra-phy, 36, 116-123. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2014.03.008
  37. Okrzesik, J. (1999). Rynek motocykli i skuterów. Gospodarka, 23, 19-21.
  38. Okrzesik, J. (2001). Powrót Junaka... czy Osy?. Boss-Gospodarka, 33, 5-7.
  39. Okrzesik, J. (2002). Jednoślady kryzysu się nie boją.... Boss-Gospodarka, 40, 30-31.
  40. Paviotti, M., & Vogiatzis, K. (2012). On the outdoor annoyance from scooter and motorbike noise in the Urban environment. Science of The Total Environment, 430, 223-230. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.05.010
  41. Perez, K., Borrell, C., & Nebot, M. (2009). Road injuries and relaxed licensing requirements for driving light motorcycles in Spain: a time-series analysis. Bulletin of the World Health Organi-zation, 87(7), 497-504. https://doi.org/10.2471/BLT.08.051847
  42. Pinch, P., & Reimer, S. (2012). Moto-mobilities: geographies of the Motorcycle and Motorcyclists. Mobilities, 7(3), 439-457. https://doi.org/10.1080/17450101.2012.659466
  43. Pongthanaisawan, J., & Sorapipatana, C. (2010). Relationship between level of economic develop-ment and motorcycle and car ownerships and their impacts on fuel consumption and green-house gas emission in Thailand. Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews, 14(9), 2966-2975. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2010.07.034
  44. Pucher, J., Korattyswaropam, N., Mittal, N., & Ittyerah, N. (2005). Urban transport crisis in India. Transport Policy, 12(3), 185-198. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tranpol.2005.02.008
  45. Riley, K. (2002). Motor vehicles in China: the impact of demographic and economic changes. Envi-ronmental Pollution, 23(5), 479-494.
  46. Rogers, N. (2008). Trends in Motorcycles Fleet Worldwide Presentation to Joint OECD/ITF Transport Research, Committee Workshop on Motorcycling Safety. Retrieved on May 6, 2017 from http://www.internationaltransportforum.org/jtrc/safety/Lillehammer2008/Lillehammer08Rogers.pdf
  47. Sanko, N., Maesoba, H., Dissanayake, D., Yamamoto, T., Kurauchi, S., & Morikawa, T. (2009). Inter-temporal analysis of household car and motorcycle ownership behaviors: The Case in the Na-goya Metropolitan Area of Japan, 1981-2001. IATSS Research, 33(2), 39-53. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0386-1112(14)60243-0
  48. Schwanen, T., Dijst, M., & Dieleman, F.M. (2004). Policies for urban form and their impact on travel: the Netherlands experience. Urban Studies, 41(3), 579-603.
  49. Uberti, S., Copeta, A., Baronio, G., & Motyl, B. (2017). An eco-innovation and technical con-taminated approach for designing a low environmental impact off-road motorcycle. In-ternational Journal on Interactive Design and Manufacturing (IJIDeM), 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12008-017-0382-3
  50. Uherek, E., Halenka, T., Borken-Kleefeld, J., Balkanski, Y., Berntsen, T., Borrego, C., Gauss, M., Hoor, P., Juda-Rezler, K., Lelieveld, J., Melas, D., Rypdal, K., & Schmid, S. (2010). Transport Impacts on Atmosphere and Climate: Land Transport. Atmospheric Environment, 40, 4772-4816.
  51. Van Elslande, P., Feypell-de la Beaumelle, V., Holgate, J., Redant, K., Solère de, H., Margaritis, D., Yannis, G., Papadimitriou, E., Craen de, S., Inge Haslie, L., Muguiro, J., & Grummas Granström, P-O. (2014). Mobility and safety of powered two-wheelers in the OECD countries. Transport solutions – from research to deployment: proceedings of the 5th Transport Research Arena (TRA), Paris, 14-17 April 2014, 2-11.
  52. Yamamoto, T. (2009). Comparative analysis of household car, motorcycle and bicycle ownership between Osaka metropolitan area, Japan and Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Transportation, 36(3), 351-366.
  53. Zawadka, J. (2015). Podróże motocyklowe jako niszowa forma turystyki kwalifikowanej oraz preferencje i zachowania ich uczestników. Prace Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu, 379, 156-164.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.