Factors Driving Foreign Women Entrepreneurship in China
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15678/EBER.2018.060403Abstract
Objective: The objective of this article is to identify factors that drive and conditions that affect foreign women entrepreneurs in China. The emphasis is on the commonalities and differences between these women and women entrepreneurs in Western developed countries as reflected in the literature.
Research Design & Methods: The study was designed to include both qualitative and quantitative data to allow better understanding of the topic. Interviews with foreign women entrepreneurs were first done to gain practical field insights which were then used with the information from the literature to develop the questionnaire for the survey for quantitative data.
Findings: The findings from the interviews and the survey from a very small sample show the key differences lie in internal factors like motivation and family-business orientation, but there are also similarities in terms of external characteristics, such as business nature, business size, financing source, etc. between foreign female entrepreneurs in China and those represented in studies. And the key challenges and learning reported by foreign female entrepreneurs in China are both related to culture.
Implications & Recommendations: The article intends to fill the gap by offering some insights into foreign women entrepreneurs in China. Broader and in-depth empirical studies on this subject are needed to verify these initial findings, and stimulate interests in this important but neglected field.
Contribution & Value Added: The originality of this work lies in contributing to some understanding that the gender plays role in entrepreneurship across cultures, particularly in China.
Keywords
entrepreneurship, women entrepreneur, female entrepreneur, China, foreign female entrepreneur, cross culture entrepreneurship,
Supplementary File(s)
Female Foreign Entrepreneur in China Survey Questions Tables and FiguresReferences
- th China census statistic (2010). Retrieved from http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjsj/pcsj/rkpc/6rp/html /fu05.htm on June 1, 2018.
- Acs, Z. (2006). How Is Entrepreneurship Good for Economic Growth?. Innovations: Technology, Governance, Globalization, 1(1), 97-107.
- Ascher, J. (2012). Female Entrepreneurship – An Appropriate Response to Gender Discrimination. Journal of Entrepreneurship, Management and Innovation, 8(4), 97-114. https://doi.org/10.7341/2012847
- Bruni, A., Gherardi, S., & Poggio, B. (2004). Entrepreneur-mentality, gender and the study
- of women entrepreneurs. Journal of Organizational Change Management; Bradford,
- (3), 256-268. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/197609031/abstract/ A3AB84B5AD3A47C9PQ/1 on June 1, 2018.
- Davis, P.J., & Abdiyeva, F. (2012). En Route to a Typology of the Female Entrepreneur? Similarities and Differences Among Self-Employed Women. Journal of Management Policy and Practice, 13(4), 121-137.
- De Vita, L., Mari, M., & Poggesi, S. (2014). Women entrepreneurs in and from developing coun-tries: Evidences from the literature. European Management Journal, 32(3), 451-460. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.emj.2013.07.009
- Elston, J.A., & Weidinger, A.K. (2015). The Role of Internationalization and Geographic Location on Entrepreneurial Intention- Empirical Evidence from China 2015.pdf. In ICSB World Conference Proceedings (pp. 1-33). International Council for Small Business (ICSB). Retrieved from https://search-proquest-com.ezproxy.nottingham.edu.cn/docview/1826918667?accountid=16676 on June 1, 2018
- Fan, X. (2012). The Status and Development Prospects of Chinese Women Entrepreneurs. Journal of Technical Economics & Management, 2, 60-63.
- Fernandes, E., & Mota-Ribeiro, S. (2017). “Respect” and “self-determination” women entrepre-neurs’ identities and entrepreneurial discourses. Gender in Management: An International Journal, 32(1), 66-80. https://doi.org/10.1108/GM-04-2016-0093
- GEM (2018). Global Entrepreneurship Monitor Global Report 2017/18, p. 156.
- Gherardi, S. (2015). Authoring the female entrepreneur while talking the discourse of work family life balance. International Small Business Journal, 33(6), 649-666. https://doi.org/10.1177/0266242614549780
- Gomes, A.F., Santana, W.G.P., Araújo, U.P., & Fontes-Martins, C.M. (2014). Female
- Entrepreneurship as Subject of Research. Review of Business Management, 319-342. https://doi.org/10.7819/rbgn.v16i51.1508
- Henry, C., Foss, L., & Ahl, H. (2016). Gender and entrepreneurship research: A review
- of methodological approaches. International Small Business Journal, 34(3), 217-241. https://doi.org/10.1177/0266242614549779
- Kelley, D.J., Baumer, B.S., Cole, M., Dean, M., & Heavlow, R. (2017). Women’s Entrepreneurship 2016/2017 Report (p. 92). Retrieved from http://gemconsortium.org on May 28, 2018.
- Lee, I.H., & Marvel, M.R. (2014). Revisiting the entrepreneur gender performance relationship: a firm perspective. Small Business Economics, 42(4), 769-786. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-013-9497-5
- Lewis, K.V., Ho, M., Harris, C., & Morrison, R. (2016). Becoming an entrepreneur: opportunities and identity transitions. International Journal of Gender and Entrepreneurship, 8(2), 98-116. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJGE-02-2015-0006
- Li, J., Zhang, X., & Yang, Z. (2010). Study on Influencing Factors and Mechanism of Industry Selec-tion Difference When Male and Female Entrepreneurs Venture. Science of Science and Man-agement of S.& T., 2(31), 183-188.
- Li, L., Zhong, W.G., & Wang, Y.F. (2017). The current status of Chinese women entrepreneurs, challenges and expectation - A survey report of 2505 Chinese women entrepreneurs. Man-agement World, 11, 50-64.
- Minniti, M., & Naudé, W. (2010). What Do We Know About The Patterns and Determinants of Female Entrepreneurship Across Countries?. The European Journal of Development Research, 22(3), 277-293. https://doi.org/10.1057/ejdr.2010.17
- Noguera, M., Alvarez, C., & Urbano, D. (2013). Socio-cultural factors and female entrepreneurship. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 9(2), 183-197. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11365-013-0251-x
- Patterson, N., Mavin, S., & Turner, J. (2012). Envisioning female entrepreneur: leaders anew from a gender perspective. Gender in Management: An International Journal, 27(6), 395-416. https://doi.org/10.1108/17542411211269338
- Welsh, D.H.B., Kaciak, E., & Thongpapanl, N. (2016). Influence of stages of economic development on women entrepreneurs’ startups. Journal of Business Research, 69(11), 4933-4940. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2016.04.055
- Yadav, V., & Unni, J. (2016). Women entrepreneurship: research review and future directions. Journal of Global Entrepreneurship Research, 6(1), https://doi.org/10.1186/s40497-016-0055-x