Skip to main navigation menu Skip to main content Skip to site footer

Managers and Leaders in Need of Entrepreneurial Competences

Abstract

Objective: The purpose of this article is to provide insight into how managers fit their roles and what tasks they perform. It addresses leaders and action they undertake. In particular, the study aims to focus on competences which comprise specific skills and experience, knowledge, and cognitive abilities to understand, analyse, or reason.

Research Design & Methods: Qualitative research was done. Individual method within an ethnographic study includes an anthropological interview. In total, 16 participant in large companies were interviewed. Interviewees were managers and leaders on different organisational levels. The study used the principles of the grounded theory approach for analysing data and is based on the results of longitudinal research.

Findings:The results revealed that managers usually follow imposed goals while leaders are expected to create their own directions of organisational development. Although respect and authority might be an integral part of managers’ job, as opposed to leaders, they are not indispensable. It is concluded that leaders need to deal with issues which are strategic for a company and much more important than it is in the case of managers who usually concentrate on finding solutions for everyday problems.

Implications & Recommendations:The findings point to how competencies influence an organisational role. Even if they are interrelated, there is no need to demonstrate all of them to become a leader.

Contribution & Value Added:This article offers a conceptualisation of how the theory corresponds with practice and points out that immaterial, immeasurable factors matter.

Keywords

competency, entrepreneurial competencies, leader, manager, knowledge, skills

PDF Do entrepreneurial competences matter? When a manager become a leader.

Author Biography

Agnieszka Postuła

PhD in management, Assistant Professor at Faculty of Management, Department of Entrepreneurship and System Analysis

Julita Majczyk

PhD in management, Assistant Professor, at Faculty of Management, Department of Entrepreneurship and System Analysis


References

  1. Arrow, K.J. (1969). The Organization of Economic Activity: Issues Pertinent to the Choice of Market versus Non-Market Allocation. In U.S. Joint Economic Committee, 91st Congress, 1st Session, The Analysis and Evolution of Public Expenditure: The PPB System (1), 59-73. Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office.
  2. Bamiatzi, V., Jones, S., Mitchelmore, S., & Nikolopoulos, K. (2015). The Role of Competencies in Shaping the Leadership Style of Female Entrepreneurs: The Case of North West of England, Yorkshire, and North Wales. Journal of Small Business Management, 53(3), 627-644. https://doi.org/10.1111/jsbm.12173
  3. Bennis, W., & Nanus, B. (1985). Leaders: The strategies for taking charge. New York: Harper & Row.
  4. Bennis, W. (1989). Managing the dream: Leadership in the 21st century. Journal of Organizational Change Management, (2)1, 6-10. https://doi.org/10.1108/09534818910134040
  5. Boyatzis, R.E., Goleman, D., & Rhee, K. (2000). Clustering competence in emotional intelligence: Insights from the Emotional Competence Inventory (ECI)s. In R. Bar-On & J.D.A. Parker (Eds.), Handbook of emotional intelligence (pp. 343-362). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
  6. Boyatzis, R.E. (1982). The Competent Manager: A Model for Effective Performance. New York: John Wiley & Sons.
  7. Boyatzis, R.E. (2008). Competencies in the 21st century. Journal of Management Development, 27(1), 5-12. https://doi.org/10.1108/02621710810840730
  8. Brzozowska, A., Glinka, B., & Postuła, A. (2014). Role of University in Creating Entrepreneurial Attitudes. Horyzonty Wychowania, 13(26), 51-71.
  9. Burns, J.M. (1978). Leadership. New York: Harper & Row.
  10. Butler, N., Delaney, H., & Spoelstra, S. (2017). The Gray Zone: Questionable Research Practices in the Business School. Academy of Management Learning & Education, 16(1), 94-109. https://doi.org/10.5465/amle.2015.0201
  11. Czarniawska, B. (2010). Trochę inna teoria organizacji. Warszawa: Poltext.
  12. Czarniawska-Joerges, B. (1992). Exploring complex organizations. A cultural perspective. Newbury Park, London, New Delhi: SAGE Publications.
  13. Filipowicz, G. (2004). Zarządzanie kompetencjami zawodowymi. Warszawa: Polskie Wydawnictwo Ekonomiczne.
  14. Goleman, D. (1999). Inteligencja emocjonalna w praktyce. Poznań: Wydawnictwo Media Rodzina.
  15. Grint, K. (2005). Leadership: Limits and possibilities. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
  16. Jansen, A. (2015). Positioning and subjectivation in research interviews: why bother talking to a researcher?. International Journal of Social Research Methodology, 18(1), 27-39. https://doi.org/10.1080/13645579.2013.845711
  17. Kosała, M. (2015). Innovation processes as a stimulant of internationalisation process of firms. Entrepreneurial Business and Economics Review, 3(2), 65-84. https://doi.org/10.15678/ EBER.2015.030206
  18. Kosała, M. (2014). Badanie postaw przedsiębiorczych wśród młodzieży jako fundament kształtowania postawy odpowiadającej wyzwaniom współczesnego świata. Horyzonty Wychowania, 13(28), 317-340.
  19. Koźmiński, A.K. (2008). Koniec świata menedżerów?. Warszawa: WAiP.
  20. Kram, K.E. (1988). Mentoring at Work: Developmental Relationships in Organizational Life. Lanham, MD: University Press of America Inc.
  21. Maak, T., & Pless, N.M. (2006). Responsible Leadership in a Stakeholder Society – A Relational Perspective. Journal of Business Ethics, 66(1), 99-115. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-006-9047-z
  22. Machado, E.F., Zambrano, M.T., & Montes de Oca, N. (2015). Epistemic Evaluation of the Training and Managerial Competence Development Process. Journal of Educational Psychology – Propósitos y Representaciones, 3(2), 203-225.
  23. Mendenhall, M.E. (2001). Introduction: new perspectives on expatriate adjustment and its relationship to global leadership development. In G.K. Stahl (Ed.), Developing Global Business Leaders: Policies, Processes, and Innovations (pp. 1-16). Westport, CT: Quorum.
  24. Mintzberg, H. (1975, July-August). The Manager’s Job: Folklore and Fact. Harvard Business Review, 49-61.
  25. Mohrman, S.A., & Worley, C.G. (2009). Dealing with rough times: A capabilities development approach to surviving and thriving. Human Resource Management, 48(3), 431-443. https://doi.org/10.1002/hrm
  26. Ng, H.S. (2016). The role of transformational leadership, entrepreneurial competence and technical competence on enterprise success of owner-managed SMEs. Journal of General Management, 42(1), 23-43. https://doi.org/10.1177/030630701604200103
  27. Northouse, P.G. (2004). Leadership: Theory and practice. London: Sage.
  28. O’Connell, W., & Bligh, M. (2009). Emerging from Ethical Scandal: Can Corruption Really Have a Happy Ending?. Leadership, 5(2), 213-235. https://doi.org/10.1177/1742715009102935
  29. Peter, L.J. (1975). Recepta Petera. Warszawa: Książka i Wiedza.
  30. Piotrowski, W. (2001). Organizacje i zarządzanie – kierunki, koncepcje, punkty widzenia. In A.K Koźmiński & W. Piotrowski (Eds.), Zarządzanie. Teoria i praktyka (pp. 615-765). Warszawa: PWN.
  31. Plowman, D.A., Solansky, S., Beck, T.E., Baker, L., Kulkarni, M., & Travis, D.V. (2007). The role of leadership in emergent, self-organization. The Leadership Quarterly, 18(4), 341-356. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2007.04.004
  32. Postuła, A., & Brzozowska, A. (2016). Przedsiębiorczość i edukacja: podobieństwa i różnice przedsiębiorców, menedżerów i liderów. Edukacja Ekonomistów i Menedżerów: problemy, innowacje, projekty, 3(41), 133-148.
  33. Postuła, A. (2010). Informatycy i organizacje. Warszawa: WAiP.
  34. Roszyk-Kowalska, G. (2016). Chosen methods and tools for measuring managerial competencies. Journal of Human Resource Management, 19(2), 56-62.
  35. Sitko-Lutek, A. (2013). Kompetencje menedżerskie w kontekście innowacyjności przedsiębiorstw. Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska. Sectio H. Oeconomia. 47(1), 141-148.
  36. Spychała, M., & Matejun, M. (2015). Badanie ocen wybranych kompetencji menedżerskich studen-tów WOiZ Politechniki Łódzkiej. Marketing i Rynek, 5(CD), 1274-1293.
  37. Stewart, T.A. (1997). Intellectual capital. London: Nicholas Brealey Publishing.
  38. Teo-Dixon, G., & Monin, N. (2007). Guru of Gurus: Peter Drucker, Logology, and the Ultimate Leader. Journal of Management Inquiry, 16(1), 6-17. https://doi.org/10.1177/1056492606294637
  39. Tyrańska, M. (2017). Rola oceny kompetencji kadry menedżerskiej w organizacji procesowej. Prze-gląd Organizacji, 4, 61-66.
  40. Tyrańska, M. (2015). Teoretyczne modele zarządzania kompetencjami menedżerskimi. Ekonomika i Organizacja Przedsiębiorstwa, 4, 3-13.
  41. Wach, K. (2013). Edukacja na rzecz przedsiębiorczości wobec współczesnych wyzwań cywilizacyjno-gospodarczych. Przedsiębiorczość-Edukacja, 9, 246-257.
  42. Weber, M. (2004) Racjonalność, władza, odczarowanie. Poznań: Wydawnictwo Poznańskie.
  43. Willis, P. (2005). Wyobraźnia etnograficzna. Kraków: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego.
  44. Woodruffe, C. (1991, September). Competent by any other name. Personnel Management, 30-33.
  45. Wu, W.W., & Lee, Y.T. (2007). Developing global managers’ competencies using the fuzzy DEMATEL method. Expert Systems with Applications, 32(2), 499-507. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2005.12.005

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Similar Articles

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 > >> 

You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.