Does human resource performance contribute to the success of the university entrepreneurial project?
Abstract
Objective: This article aims to verify the influence exerted by the performance of human resources on university entrepreneurship.
Research Design & Methods: The methodology used in the research was cross-sectional, observational, and explanatory. Regarding the sample used, 434 university entrepreneurial leaders from the state of Guanajuato, Mexico were considered. A structural equation model (SEM) was designed for the hypothesis test. According to the goodness and fit indices of the model, they turned out to be satisfactory.
Findings: I confirmed that the management of human resources positively influenced the performance of HR. Similarly, the HR performance positively influenced the management and success of the entrepreneurial project and finally, the management of the project positively influenced the success of the university entrepreneurial project.
Implications & Recommendations: The practical implications and recommendations focus on university entrepreneurs of SMEs, who must consider the entrepreneurial processes of business entities and the necessary human resources, which impact the new firm as well as the positioning of their venture, considering human resources as the main factor for the development and growth of entrepreneurship. Therefore, the management of human resources plays a very important role in the development of the entrepreneurial project, and in the same way, represents a management tool focused on the people involved in the development of the entrepreneurial project.
Contribution & Value Added: This study highlights the management and performance of human resources and the success of the business project previously studied specifically in the university enterprise in Mexico. The results obtained contribute to the literature by shedding light on the process of human resource management in entrepreneurship.
Keywords
human resource managemen; management projec; entrepreneurship; new firms; university entrepreneurship; entrepreneurial project
References
Abreu, M., Demirel, P., Grinevich, V., & Karataş-Özkan, M. (2016). Entrepreneurial practices in research intensive and teaching-led universities. Small Business Economics, 47(3), 695-717. https://doi.org/10.100711187-016-9754-5
Acs, Z. (2010). Handbook of Entrepreneurship Research. An Interdisciplinary Survey and Introduction. In Z. Acs, & D. Audretsch (Eds.), New York, NY: 2nd edn., Springer.
Aeeni, Z., Motavaseli, M., Sakhdari, K., & Mobini, A. (2018). Baumol’s theory of entrepreneurial allocation: A systematic review and research agenda. European Research on Management and Bussiness Economics, 25(1), 30-3, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iedeen.2018.09.001
Ahmad, S. (2015). Entrepreneurship education in tourism and hospitality programs. Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Education, 20-29. https://doi.org/10.1080/10963758.2014.998764
Ahmed, T., Chandranb, V., Klobas, J., Liñánde, F., & Kokkalis, P. (2020). Entrepreneurship education programmes: How learning, inspiration and resources affect intentions for new venture creation in adeveloping economy. International Journal of Management Education, 18(1), 327-354. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijme.2019.100327
Alvarez, J. (2020). Organizational resources and survival of startups firms– a qualitative analysis in the Peruvian context. Academia Revista Latinoamericana de Administración, 1-29. https://doi.org/10.1108/ARLA-04-2020-0080
Amorós, J. (2011). The Global Entrepreneurship Monitor Project (GEM): a latin-american context approach. Academia Revista Latinoamericana de Administración, 46, 1-15.
Astebro, T., Bazzazian, N., & Bazzazian, S. (2012). Startups by recent university graduates and their faculty: Implications for university entrepreneurship policy. Research Policy, 41(4), 663-677. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2012.01.004
Badzińska, E. (2016). The Concept of Technological Entrepreneurship: The Example of Business Implementation. Entrepreneurial Business and Economics Review, 4(3), 57-72. https://doi.org/10.15678/EBER.2016.040305
Barney, J., & Wright, P. (1998). On becoming strategic: the role of human resources in gaining competitive advantage. Human Resource Management, 37, 31-46.
Baumol, W. (1968). Entrepreneurship in Economic Theory. American Economic Review, 64-71.
Bergersen, G., Hannay, J., Sjøberg, D., Dybå, T., & Karahasanovi, A. (2011). Inferring Skill from Tests of Programming Performance: Combining Time and Quality. Empirical Software Engineering (ESEM), 305-314. https://doi.org/10.1109/ESEM.2011.39
Bollen, K. (1989). Structural equations with latent variables. New York, NYS : John Wiley & Sons.
Bonett, D., & Wright, T. (2000). Simple size requirements for estimating Pearson, Kendall and Sperman correlations. Psichometrika, 65(1), 23-28. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02294183.
Borrayo, C., Valdez, A., & Delgado, B. (2019). Entrepreneurial culture in young university students of Guadalajara, Mexico. Revista de Ciencias Sociales, 25(3), 72-87.
Bucardo, A., Saavedra, M., & Camarena, M. (2015). Towards an understanding of the concepts of entrepreneurs and business. Suma de Negocios, 6(13), 98-107, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neucir.2013.12.001
Capelleras, J., Domi, S., & Belletti, G. (2021). Skill-enhancing human resource practices and firm performance: the mediating role of innovativeness. Tourism Review, 76(6), 1279-1296. https://doi.org/10.1108/TR-10-2019-0429
Chow, T., & Cao, D. (2008). A survey study of critical success factors in agile software projects. Journal of Systems and Software, 81(6), 961-971. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jss.2007.08.020
Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences. NJ: Erlbaum: (2nd ed.) Hillsdale.
Cronbach, L. (1951). Coefficient alpha and internal structure of test. Psycho-metrica, 16, 297-335. https://doi.org/Doi:10.1007/BF02310555
Davey, T., Hannon, P., & Penaluna, A. (2016). Entrepreneurship education and the role of universities. Industry and Higher Education, 30(3), 171-182. https://doi.org/10.1177/0950422216656699
Dehter, M. (2001). Intrapreneurship. Retrieved from http://www.justoahora.com/nws/iv02.htm on December 2, 2022.
Dillon, W., & Goldstein, M. (1984). Multivariate Analysis Methods Applic. España: John Wiley & Sons.
European Commission. (2013). Entrepreneurship education: A guide for educators. Brussels: Entrepreneurship 2020 Unit.
Faul, F., Erdfelder, E., Buchner, A., & Lang, A. (2009). Statistical power analyses using G*Power 3.1: Tests for correlation and regression analyses. Behavior Research Methods, 41(4), 1149-1160. https://doi.org/10.3758/BRM.41.4.1149
Ferguson, K., & Reio, T. (2010). Human resource management systems and firm performance. Journal of Management Development, 29(5), 471-494, https://doi.org/10.1108/02621711011039231
Formichella, M. (2004). The concept of entrepreneurship and its relationship with education, employment and local development. VII National and International Administration Congress, and XI CONAMerco (MERCOSUR Administration Congress).
Galindo-Martín, M., Méndez-Picazo, M., & Castaño-Martínez, M. (2016). Growth, economic progress and entrepreneurship. Journal of Innovation & Knowledge, 1(1), 62-68, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jik.2016.01.006
Gawlik, R., & Jacobsen, G. (2016). Work-life Balance Decision-making of Norwegian Students: Implications for Human Resources Management. Entrepreneurial Business and Economics Review, 4(4), 153-170, https://doi.org/10.15678/EBER.2016.040410
Gibb, A., & Haskins, G. (2014). The university of the future: An entrepreneurial stakeholder learning organization?. In A.Fayolle, & D.Redford (Eds.), Handbook on the Entrepreneurial University (pp. 25-63). https://doi.org/10.4337/9781781007020
Grant, R. (1996). Prospering in dynamically-competitive environments: organizational capability as knowledge integration. Organization Science, 7, 375-387.
Guven, A., & Yildirim, Y. (2022). The Role of the University in Entrepreneurial Ecosystems: How to Better Integrate Entrepreneurial Education Into a University Curriculum. In M. Nawaz, E. Shaikh, K. Chaudhary, & T. Le, (Eds.), Developing Entrepreneurial Ecosystems in Academia (pp. 1-12), https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-8505-4.ch001. USA, IGI Global.
Hair, J., Hult, G., Ringle, C., & Sarstedt, M. (2017). A Primer on Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). 2nd Ed. Sage: Thousand Oaks.
Hayes, A., & Coutts, J. (2020). Use Omega Rather than Cronbach’s Alpha for Estimating Reliability. But... Communication Methods and Measures, 2-24. https://doi.org/10.1080/19312458.2020.1718629
He, C., Song, J., Yang, J., & Chen, Z. (2021). How the team voice contributes to team performance: an empirical investigation. Revisión de personal, 50(4), 1216-1232, https://doi.org/10.1108/PR-07-2019-0387
Hoegl, M., & Gemuenden, H. (2001). Teamwork Quality and the Success of Innovative Projects: A Theoretical Concept and Empirical Evidence. Organization Science, 435-449 https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.12.4.435.10635
Hofstede, G. (2001). Cultures and Organizations. Software of the Mind. McGraw-Hill.
INEGI. (2023, 03 22). INEGI presents results of the second edition of ECOVID-IE and the study on business demography 2020. Retrieved from https://inegi.org.mx/contenidos/saladeprensa/boletines/2020/OtrTemEcon/ECOVID-IE_DEMOGNEG.pdf on March 22, 2023.
INEGI. (2023, marzo 22). INEGI represents the second set of results from the 2020 business demography study. Retrieved from https://www.inegi.org.mx/contenidos/saladeprensa/boletines/2021/OtrTemEcon/EDN2020.pdf on March 22, 2023.
Isenberg, D. (2014). What an entrepreneurship ecosystem actually is. Harvard Business Review, 5(1), 7.
Jöreskog, K., & Sörbom, D. (1981). LISREL: Analysis of linear structural relationships by maximum likelihood and least squares methods. Chicago, IL: National Educational Resources.
Karra, N., Phillips, N., & Tracey, P. (2008). Building the Born Global Firm: Developing Entrepreneurial Capabilities for International New Venture Success. Long Range Planning, 41(4), 440-458. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lrp.2008.05.002
Kim, J., Dibrell, C., Kraft, E., & Marshall, D. (2021). Data analytics and performance: The moderating role of intuition-based HR management in major league baseball. Journal of Business Research, 122, 204-216. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2020.08.057
Lee, Y., & Young, J. (2017). A multilevel analysis of individual and organizational factors that influence the relationship between career development and job-performance improvement. European Journal of Training and Development, 1-20, https://doi.org/10.1108/EJTD-11-2017-0097
Lin, C., Wang, C., Chen, S., & Chen, J. (2019). Modeling team leadership and performance: mediating collective efficacy and moderating team fairness. Personnel Review, 48(2), 471-491, https://doi.org/10.1108/PR-10-2017-0313
Lin, N. (1999). Building a network theory of social capital. Connections, 22(1), 28-51.
Lindsjørn, Y., Sjøberg, D., Dingsøyr, T., Bergersen, G., & Dybå, T. (2016). Teamwork quality and project success in software development: A survey of agile development teams. Elsevier, 274-286 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jss.2016.09.028
Lopez, T., & Alvarez, C. (2018). Entrepreneurship research in Latin America: a literature review. Academia Revista Latinoamericana de Administración, 1-22, https://doi.org/10.1108/ARLA-12-2016-0332
López-Lemus, J., & Zavala, M. (2019). Validation of the Ferris inventory of political skills through second-order factor analysis. In D.Vargas (Ed.), Methodological aspects for social research: Structural equation models (pp. 153-175). Ciudad de México: UNAM.
López-Lemus, J., De la Garza, M., Atlatenco, Q., & López-Lemus, J. (2021). Strategic planning key factor in tangible–intangible results in microenterprises. Management Research: Journal of the Iberoamerican Academy of Management, 19(1), 58-80. https://doi.org/10.1108/MRJIAM-05-2020-1041
Luthans, F., Luthans, K., & Luthans, B. (2004). Positive psychological capital: eyond human and social capital. Business Horizons, 47(1), 45-50.
Madero, S., & Barboza, G. (2015). Interrelationship of culture, labor flexibility, strategic alignment, innovation and firm performance. Contaduría y Administración, 735-756, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cya.2014.08.001
Mayr, S., Erdfelder, E., Buchner, A., & Faul, F. (2007). A short tutorial of GPower. Tutorials in Quantitative Methods for Psychology, 3(2), 51-59. https://doi.org/10.20982/tqmp.03.2.p051
McDonald, K., & Hite, L. (2016). Career Development: A Human Resource Development Perspective. New York, NY: Routledge.
McDonald, R. (1999). Test theory: A unified treatment. Mahwah:Lawrence Erlbaum Asssociates, Inc.
McElroy, J., & Weng, Q. (2016). The connections between careers and organizations in the new career era questions answered, questions raised. Journal of Career Development, 43(1), 3-10, http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/089484531560473
Mehlum, H., Moene, K., & Torvik, R. (2003). Predator or prey? Parasitic enterprises in economic development. European Economic Review, 47(2), 275-294.
Mehwish, R. (2022). The Role of higher education in Creating Social Academic Entrepreneurial Ecosystems: A Case of a Liberal Arts University in Pakistan. In M.Nawaz, E.Shaikh, K.Chaudhary, & T.Le (Eds.), Developing Entrepreneurial Ecosystems in Academia (pp. 70-86), https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-8505-4.ch004. USA: IGI Global.
Milliman, J., von Glinow, M., & Nathan, M. (1991). Organizational life cycles and strategic international human resource management in multinational companies: Implications for congruence theory. The Academy of Management Review, 16(2), 318-339.
Misra, S., Kumar, V., & Kumar, U. (2009). Identifying some important success factors in adopting agile software development practices. Journal of Systems and Software, 82(11), 1869-1890. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jss.2009.05.052
Montoya, C., & Boyero, M. (2015). The Human Resource management as a key Element and quality Competitiveness Organizacional. Visión de Futuro, 20(2), 1-20.
Muthén, B., & Muthén, L. (1998-2007). Mplus Version 5.0 statistical analysis with latent variables: User’s Guide. Los Angeles, CA. USA: Fourth ed. Muthen & Muthen.
Omotoye, O., Abdulazeez, A., & Olusesi, L. (2022). Human Resource Management in Entrepreneurial Business: A Literature Review. RUDN Journal of Public Administration, 9(1), 73-83. https://doi.org/10.22363/231283132022917382
Pearson, E. (1929). Some notes on sampling tests with two variables. Biometrika, 21, 337-360. https://doi.org/10.2307/2332565
Pearson, E. (1931). The test of significance for the correlation coefficient. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 26. 128-134. https://doi.org/10.1080/01621459.1931.10503208
Pocztowski, A. (2008). Zarządzanie zasobami ludzkimi: strategie, procesy, metody. Warszawa: Polskie Wydawnictwo Ekonomiczne.
Popaitoon, S., & Siengthai, S. (2013). The moderating effect of human resource management practices on the relationship between knowledge absorptive capacity and project performance in project-oriented companies. International Journal of Project Management, 1-13, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijproman.2013.12.002
Qian, H., & Acs, Z. (2013). An absorptive capacity theory of knowledge spillover entrepreneurship. Small Business Economics, 40(2), 185-197.
Rachwał, T., Kurek, S., & Boguś, M. (2016). Entrepreneurship Education at Secondary Level in Transition Economies: A Case of Poland. Entrepreneurial Business and Economics Review, 4(1), 61-81. https://doi.org/10.15678/EBER.2016.040105
Rico, A., Gutiérrez, A., Vidal, K., Santoyo, R., Aguado, A., Guzmán, M., & López-Lemus, J. (2021). El éxito del proyecto de emprendimiento y su relación con el rendimiento del equipo de trabajo. Jóvenes en la ciencia, 10, 1-9, ISSN 2395-9797.
Rigdon, E. (1996). CFI versus RMSEA: A comparison of two fit indexes for structural equation modeling, Structural Equation Modeling. A Multidisciplinary Journa, 3(4), 369-379. https://doi.org/10.1080/10705519609540052
Salas-Arbeláez, L., García, M., & Murillo, G. (2017). Effect of organisational culture on the performance of the SMEs of Cali. Suma de Negocios, 18(8), 88-95. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sumneg.2017.11.006
Sánchez, Y., García, F., & Mendoza, J. (2015). The capacity to innovate and its relationship to entrepreneurship in the regions of Mexico. Estudios gerenciales, 31(136), 243-252. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.estger.2015.04.001
Satorra, A., & Bentler, P. (1994). Corrections to test statistics and standard errors in covariance structure analysis. In A.Eye, & C.Clogg (Eds.), Latent variables analysis: Applications for developmental research (pp. 399-419). Sage Publications, Inc.
Scapolan, A., Montanari, F., Bonesso, S., Gerli, F., & Mizzau, L. (2017). Behavioral competencies and organizational performance in Italian performing arts: an exploratory study. Academia Revista Latinoamericana de administración, 30, 1-41, https://doi.org/10.1108/ARLA-09-2015-0264
Senate of the Republic. (2023, March 28). SMEs, an important engine for national economic development: MC. Retrieved from http://comunicacion.senado.gob.mx/index.php/informacion/boletines/47767-pymes-importante-motor-para-el-desarrollo-economico-nacional-mc.html on March 28, 2023.
Sharp, H., & Robinson, H. (2010). 4 Three ‘C’s of Agile Practice: Collaboration, Co-ordination and Communication. Springer, 61-85, https://doi.org/10.1007 / 978-3-642-12575-1_4
Soares, A., Teixeira, M., & Verwaal, E. (2018). Does cultural capital matter for individual job performance? A large-scale survey of the impact of cultural, social and psychological capital on individual job performance in Brazil. International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management, 67(5), 1-28. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJPPM-05-2017-0110
Spigel, B. (2017). The relational organization of entrepreneurial ecosystems. Entrepreneurship Theory, 41(1), 49-72. https:/doi.org/10.1111/etap.12167
Stankovic, D., Nikolic, V., Djordjevic, M., & Cao, D. (2013). A survey study of critical success factors in agile software projects in former Yugoslavia IT companies. The Journal of Systems and Software, 86, 1663-1678. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jss.2013.02.027
Tam, C., Da Costa, E., Oliveira, T., & Varajão, J. (2020). The factors influencing the success of on-going agile software development projects. International Journal of Project Management, 38, 165-176. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijproman.2020.02.001
The Failure Institute. (2023). Strengthening the capacities for entrepreneurship in Mexico: an analysis of the failure in university ventures. Retrieved from https://thefailureinstitute.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/Fracaso-del-emprendimiento-universitario-2018-simple-page.pdf on March 28, 2023.
The Failure Institute. (2023). The failure of technological startups in Mexico. Retrieved from https://thefailureinstitute.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/Tech-Startup-Failure-Research-final.pdf on March 28, 2023.
Tomaka, L. (2001). Workforce development in the midwestern region. Spectrum, 74, 26-7.
Tunio, M., Chaudhry, I., Shaikh, S., Jariko, M., & Brahmi, M. (2021). Determinants of the Sustainable Entrepreneurial Engagement of Youth in Developing Country—An Empirical Evidence from Pakistan. Sustainability, 13(14), 7764. https://doi.org/10.3390u13147764
Vargas, J. (2022). Critical Assessment of Socio Intercultural Entrepreneurship: A Case on a Postgraduate Program in Economics and International Business. In M.Nawaz, E.Shaikh, K.Chaudhary, & T.Le (Eds.), Developing Entrepreneurial Ecosystems in Academia (pp. 1-117), https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-8505-4.ch006. USA.
Vargas, J., & Higuera, M. (2022). The Impact of University Curricula on Financial Education of Millennials. In M. Nawaz, E. Shaikh, K. Chaudhary, & T. Le (Eds.), Developing Entrepreneurial Ecosystems in Academia (pp. 208-245) https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-8505-4.ch012. USA:IGI Global
Volberda, H., Van, N., Verwaal, E., & Stienstra, M. (2012). Contingency Fit, Institutional Fit, and Firm Performance: A Metafit Approach toOrganization–Environment Relationships. Organization Science, 23(4), 1040-1054. https://doi.org/10.2307/23252448
Wach, K. (2014). Global Entrepreneurship from the European Perspective. Entrepreneurial Business and Economics Review, 2(1), 5-6. https://doi.org/10.15678/EBER.2014.020101
Wang, Y., Tsai, C., Lin, D., Enkhbuyant, O., & Cai, J. (2019). Effects of human, relational, and psychological capitals on new venture performance. Frontiers in Psychology, 10(1071), 1-10.
Wheelwright, S., & Clark, K. (1992). Creating project plans to focus product development. Harvard Bussines Review, 70, 70-82.
Williams, W., Knight, H., Rutter, R., & Mathias, M. (2022). A Study of the Convergence Between Entrepreneurship, Government Policy, and Higher Education in Oman: Entrepreneurial Ecosystem Perspective. In M. Nawaz, E. Shaikh, K. Chaudhary, & T. Le (Eds.), Developing Entrepreneurial Ecosystems in Academia (pp. 44-69), https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-8505-4.ch003. USA: IGI GLOBAL.
Zhang, Y., Sun, J., Yang, Z., & Wang, Y. (2018). Mobile social media in inter-organizational projects: Aligning tool, task and team for virtual collaboration effectiveness. International Journal of Project Management, 36. 1096-1108. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijproman.2018.09.003
Zhang, Z., & Zhu, X. (2012). Empirical analysis of the relationship between organizational culture and organizational performance. National Conference on Information Technology and Computer Science, 763-766.
Zulfadil, Hendriani, S., & Machasin (2020). The influence of emotional intelligence on team performance through knowledge sharing, team conflict, and the structure mechanism. Journal of Management Development, 39(3), 269-292, https://doi.org/10.1108/JMD-12-2018-0354
University of Guanajuato Mexico
http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6989-1065

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a CC BY-4.0 licence that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are asked to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) only the final version of the article, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access). We advise using any of the following research society portals: