Skip to main navigation menu Skip to main content Skip to site footer

Romanian Rural World Heritage Sites and Tourism Development

Abstract

Objective: The aim of this article is to investigate if Romanian rural localities hosting or situated within a natural WHS (World Heritage Site) have benefited from their situation and developed the local rural tourism.
Research Design & Methods: Since the topic of this article had not been previously investigated for Romania, the research was constructed as a case study, exploring the available secondary data on tourism supply and demand. Within the case study, a combination of empirical methods was used in order to investigate two ratios (the survival rate and continuity ratio) constructed to study the sustainability of the offer of local tourism.
Findings: Romanian rural localities hosting or being part of a WHS do not exploit properly their tourist potential. However, these localities are in a better position than common rural localities from the viewpoint of a sustainable tourism offer.
Implications & Recommendations: Further studies on tourism demand and tourism governance for WHS localities are needed in order to help local governments to develop authentic and sustainable tourism for these areas.
Contribution & Value Added: Given the sparse academic Romanian literature focusing on WHSs, this study contributes to this field and opens new avenues for research. Furthermore, the findings of this study add to the existing international literature by supporting the idea that simply the presence of a WHS in rural areas is not a panacea for promoting tourism.

Keywords

World Heritage Sites, rural, tourism, Romania

PDF

Author Biography

Cornelia Pop

full professor of International Finance, International Investments, Hotel Development 

executive editor for Studia UBB Negotia.

Maria-Andrada Georgescu

associate prof of Public and corporate finance, Financial Management


References

  1. Adie, B.A., & Hall, C.M. (2017). Who visits World Heritage? A comparative analysis of three cultural sites. Journal of Heritage Tourism, 12(1), 67-80. https://doi.org/10.1080/1743873X.2016.1151429
  2. Altunel, M.C., & Erkut, B. (2015). Cultural tourism in Istanbul: The mediation effect of tourist experience and satisfaction on the relationship between involvement and recommendation intention. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management, 4(4), 213-221. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdmm.2015.06.003
  3. Ang, B.W. (2005). The LMDI approach to decomposition analysis: A practical guide. Energy Policy, 33, 867-871. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2003.10.010
  4. Arezki, R., Piotrowski, J.M., & Cherif, R. (2009). Tourism Specialization and Economic Development: Evidence from the UNESCO World Heritage List, IMF Working Papers 09/176, International Monetary Fund.
  5. Balezentis, T., Krisciukaitiene, I., Balezentis, A., & Garland, R. (2012). Rural tourism development in Lithuania (2003-2010) – A quantitative analysis. Tourism Management Perspectives, 2-3, 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmp.2012.01.001
  6. Bordanc, F., & Turnock, D. (1997). Eco-tourism and the Small Family Farms of the Romanian Carpathians. Geographica Pannonica, 1, 32‐36.
  7. Boyd, S.W., & Timothy, D.J. (2006). Marketing Issues and World Heritage Sites. In A. Leask & A. Fyall (Eds.), Managing World Heritage Sites (pp. 53-68). Oxford, UK: Butterworth-Heinemann. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-7506-6546-9.50013-7
  8. Breakey, N.M. (2012). Study in of world heritage visitors: The case of the remote Riversleigh Fossil Site. Visitor Studies, 15(1), 82-97. https://doi.org/10.1080/10645578.2012.660845
  9. Caust, J., & Vecco, M. (2017). Is UNESCO world heritage recognition a blessing or burden? Evidence from developing Asian countries. Journal of Cultural Heritage, 27, 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.culher.2017.02.004
  10. Cellini, R. (2011). Is UNESCO recognition effective in fostering tourism? A comment on Yang, Lin and Han. Tourism Management, 32(2), 452-454. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2010.01.018
  11. Chi, C.G., Cai, R., & Li, Y. (2017). Factors influencing residents’ subjective well-being at World Heritage Sites. Tourism Management, 63, 209-222. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2017.06.019
  12. Corsale, A., & Iorio, M. (2014). Transylvanian Saxon culture as heritage: Insights from Viscri, Romania. Geoforum, 52, 22-31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoforum.2013.12.008
  13. Cuccia, T., & Rizzo, I. (2013). Seasonal tourism flows in UNESCO sites: the case of Sicily. In J. Ka-minsky, A.M. Benson & D. Arnold (Eds.), Contemporary issues in Cultural heritage tourism (pp. 179-199). London: Routledge.
  14. Cuccia, T., Guccio, C., & Rizzo, I. (2016). The effects of UNESCO World Heritage List inscription on tourism destination performance in Italian regions. Economic Modelling, 53, 494-508. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econmod.2015.10.049
  15. Cunha, C., Kastenholz, E., & Carneiro, M.J. (2018). Lifestyle entrepreneurs: the case of rural tour-ism. In L.C. Carvalho, C. Rego, M.R. Lucas, M.I. Sanchez-Hernandez & A.B. Noronha (Eds.), En-trepreneurship and structural change in dynamic territories (pp. 175-188). Switzerland: Sprin-ger. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-76400-9_10
  16. Frey, B.S., Pamini, P., & Steiner, L. (2013). Explaining the World Heritage List: An empirical study. International Review of Economics, 60(1), 1-19. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12232-013-0174-4
  17. Fyall, A., & Rakic, T. (2006). The future market for world heritage sites. In A. Leask & A. Fyall (Eds.), Managing world heritage sites (pp. 159-175). Oxford, UK: Butterworth-Heinemann. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-7506-6546-9.50022-8
  18. Hall, D. (2000). Sustainable Tourism Development and Transformation in Central and Eastern Europe. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 8(6), 441‐457. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669580008667379
  19. Hall, D. (2004). Rural Tourism Development in Southeastern Europe: Transition and the Search for Sustainability. International Journal of Tourism Research, 6, 165‐176. https://doi.org/10.1002/jtr.482
  20. Huang, C.H., Tsaur, J.R., & Yang, C.H. (2012). Does world heritage list really induce more tourists? Evidence from Macau. Tourism Management, 33(6), 1450-1457. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2012.01.014
  21. Iatu, C., Ibanescu, B.C., Stoleriu, O.M., & Munteanu, A. (2018). The WHS designation – a factor of sustainable tourism growth for Romanian rural areas?. Sustainability, 10(3), 626.
  22. Iorio, M., & Corsale, A. (2010). Rural tourism and livelihood strategies in Romania. Journal of Rural Studies, 26(2), 152-162. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2009.10.006
  23. Iorio, M., & Corsale, A. (2013). Community‐based tourism and networking: Viscri, Romania. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 22(2), 234‐255. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2013.802327
  24. Jaafar, M., Noor, S., & Rasoolimanesh, S. (2015). Perception of young local residents toward sus-tainable conservation programmes: A case study of the Lenggong world cultural heritage site. Tourism Management, 48, 154-163. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2014.10.018
  25. Jimura, T. (2008). The impact of world heritage site designation on local communities – A case study of Ogimachi, Shirakawa-mura, Japan. Tourism Management, 32(2), 288-296. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2010.02.005
  26. Jones, T.E., Yang, Y., & Yamamoto, K. (2017). Assessing the recreational value of world heritage site inscription: A longitudinal travel cost analysis of Mount Fuji climbers. Tourism Management, 60, 67-78. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2016.11.009
  27. Kastenholz, E., & Sparrer, M. (2009). Rural dimensions of the commercial home. In P. Lynch, A. J. McIntosh & H. Tucker (Eds.), Commercial homes in tourism: An international perspective (pp. 138-149). London: Routledge.
  28. Landorf, C. (2009). Managing for sustainable tourism: a review of six cultural World Heritage Sites. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 17(1), 53-70. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669580802159719
  29. Latkova, P., & Vogt, C. (2012). Residents’ attitudes toward existing and future tourism development in rural communities. Journal of Travel Research, 51(1), 50-67. https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287510394193
  30. Li, M., Wu, B., & Cai, L. (2008). Tourism development of world heritage sites in China: a geographical perspective. Tourism Management, 29(2), 308-319. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2007.03.013
  31. Nguyen, T.H.H., & Cheung, C. (2014). The classification of heritage visitors: A case of Hue City, Vietnam. Journal of Heritage Tourism, 9(1), 35-50. https://doi.org/10.1080/1743873X.2013.818677
  32. Nicholas, L., & Thapa, B. (2010). Visitor perspectives on sustainable tourism development in the pitons management area world heritage site, St. Lucia. Environment, Development and Sustainability, 12(5), 839-857. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-009-9227-y
  33. Pop, C., & Coros, M.M. (2016). Romanian Rural Tourism and the UNESCO Heritage Sites. In T. Paduraru & G. Tacu (Eds.), Romanian Rural Tourism in the Context of Sustainable Development. Present and Prospects (pp. 67-81). Iași: Performantica, volume XL.
  34. Pop, C., & Coros, M.M. (2018). The Survival of accommodation Facilities and the Respective Own-ers/Operators in Rural Danube Delta. In T. Paduraru, D. Ungureanu & G. Tacu (Eds.), Romanian Rural Tourism in the Context of Sustainable Development. Present and Prospects (pp. 63-73). Iași: Performantica, volume XLIV.
  35. Pop, C., Coros, M.M., & Balint, C. (2017). Romanian rural tourism: a survey of accommodation facilities. Studia UBB Negotia, 62(2), 71‐126. https://doi.org/10.24193/subbnegotia.2017.2.05
  36. Pop, C., & Balint, C. (2017). Romanian rural lodgings: how many survived over a decade? A prelimi-nary study focused on the rural localities hosting 10 or more accommodation units. Studia UBB Negotia, 62(3), 69‐96. https://doi.org/10.24193/subbnegotia.2017.3.04
  37. Poria, Y., Reichel, A., & Cohen, R. (2011). World heritage site – is it an effective brand name?
  38. A case study of a religious heritage site. Journal of Travel Research, 50(5), 482-495. https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287510379158
  39. Poria, Y., Reichel, A., & Cohen, R. (2013). Tourist perceptions of World Heritage Site and its designation. Tourist Management, 35, 272-274. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2012.02.011
  40. Radan‐Gorska, M.M. (2013). Destinations without regulations: informal practices in Romanian rural tourism. Journal of Comparative Research in Anthropology and Sociology, 4(2), 195‐225.
  41. Rasoolimanesh, S.M., Jaafar, M., Ahmad, A.G., & Bairghi, R. (2017). Community participation in World Heritage Site conservation and tourism development. Tourism Management, 58, 142-153. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2016.10.016
  42. Reyes, V. (2014). The production of cultural and natural wealth: An examination of World Heritage Sites. Poetics, 44, 42-63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.poetic.2014.04.003
  43. Richards, G. (2011). Creativity and Tourism – The State of the Art. Annals of Tourism Research, 38(4), 1225-1253. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2011.07.008
  44. Santa-Cruz, F.G., & Lopez-Guzman, T. (2017). Culture, tourism and World Heritage Sites. Tourism Management Perspectives, 24, 111-116. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmp.2017.08.004
  45. Su, Y.W., & Lin, H.L. (2014). Analysis of international tourist arrivals worldwide. The role of world heritage sites. Tourism Management, 40, 46-58. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2013.04.005
  46. Su, M., & Wall, G. (2014). Community participation in tourism at a world heritage site: Mutianyu Great Wall, Beijing, China. International Journal of Tourism Research 16(2), 146-156. https://doi.org/10.1002/jtr.1909
  47. Timothy, D.J. (2011). Cultural heritage and tourism: An introduction. Bristol, UK: Channel View Publications.
  48. Turnock, D. (1991). Romanian villages: rural planning under communism. Rural History, 2(1), 81‐112.
  49. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0956793300002636
  50. Turnock, D. (1996). The rural transition in Romania. Eastern European Countryside, 2, 45‐57. Retrieved on October 20, 2018 from http://www.home.umk.pl/~eec/wp‐content/uploads/1996_6_Turnock.pdf
  51. Turnock, D. (1999). Sustainable rural tourism in the Romanian Carpathians. The Geographical Journal, 165(2), 192‐199. https://doi.org.10.2307/3060417
  52. Ung, A., & Vong, T.N. (2010). Tourist experience of heritage tourism in Macau SAR, China. Journal of Heritage Tourism, 5(2), 157-168. https://doi.org/10.1080/17438731003668502
  53. Yang, C.H., Lin, H.L., & Han, C.C. (2010). Analysis of international tourist arrivals in China. The role of World Heritage Sites. Tourism Management, 31(6), 827-837. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2009.08.008
  54. Yang, C.H., & Lin, H.L. (2014). Revisiting the relationships between World Heritage Sites and tour-ism. Tourism Economics, 20(1), 73-86. https://doi.org/10.5367/te.2013.0359
  55. Yi, X., Fu, X., Yu, L., & Jiang, L. (2018). Authenticity and loyalty at heritage sites: The moderation effect of postmodern authenticity. Tourism Management, 67, 411-424. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2018.01.013

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Similar Articles

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 > >> 

You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.